This article deals with new migraine therapy, monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor. The review represents a brief discussion of CGRP biological eff ects in the peripheral and central nervous system, and the role of CGRP in the migraine pathogenesis. Data of systematic reviews of randomized clinical research about the effi cacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies against CGRP (fremanezumab, eptinezumab and galkanezumab) and its receptor (erenumab) in patients with episodic and chronic migraine are included and analyzed. The results of fi ve-year use of erenumab in clinical research and in real practice are discussed and compared.

Increasing life expectancy of the world’s population is accompanied by increasing number of elderly patients with dementia. According to various studies, the prevalence of pain syndrome in elderly patients with dementia ranges from 35.3% to 63.5%. The review represents data on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis and treatment of pain syndrome in patients with dementia. Medicinal and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief are discussed.

Studies over the past decade demonstrate the high potential of diff usion-weighted MRI (dMRI) as a modern technique for non-invasive quantitative assessment of the microstructural integrity of the white matter of the brain, which allows predicting some aspects of the rehabilitation potential. 
Purpose of the study: to calculate the threshold values of fractional anisotropy (FA) of some cerebral tracts, which are informative in determining various aspects of the rehabilitation potential in the acute period of ischemic stroke. Patients and methods. We examined 100 patients with ischemic stroke and 10 persons without stroke and cognitive impairment. All patients underwent dMRI and clinical assessment of indicators of rehabilitation potential at discharge. 
Results. The NIHSS at discharge is associated with the size of infarction, the FA of the anterior, posterior leg and knee of the internal capsule, the superior longitudinal, cingular and inferior fronto-occipital bundles. Similar associations were noted for the Rivermead mobility index and the Rankin scale. The function of the hand according to the Frenchay scale is associated with the size of the lesion, FA of the anterior leg of the internal capsule, superior longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital and cingular bundles. The MoCA is interrelated only with the size of the infarction and the FA of the anterior leg of the internal capsule, the Berg scale — with the size of the lesion and the FA of the upper longitudinal bundle, the FIM scale — with the FA of the upper longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital and cingular bundles. The threshold values of FA of the cerebral tracts which are most informative in determining various aspects of the rehabilitation potential in the acute period of ischemic stroke were determined. 
Conclusion. The quantitative assessment of the FA of the main projection and associative tracts is informative in relation to the determination of the rehabilitation potential in the acute period of ischemic stroke.

The article presents the literature review and our experience in early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis based on the updated McDonald criteria of 2017. The study included 256 patients with clinic symptoms of probable idiopathic infl ammatory demyelinating disease, including rare and atypical forms of demyelination. As a result of the study the sensitivity and specifi city of the determination of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G in the population of Rostov-on-Don was described for the fi rst time, including dependence of the duration of the disease. The relationship of clinical and MRI features of the fi rst attack of the disease with the probability of determining oligoclonal IgG in the cerebrospinal fl uid is refl ected

The most common causes of hematomyelia are vascular anomalies, arteriovenous malformations, vasculitis, traumas, and conditions leading to hypocoagulation. In the presented clinical observations, hematomyelia developed against the background of anticoagulant administration and disruption of arteriovenous malformation. The disease manifests itself acutely, and the clinical picture depends on the level of spinal cord injury. Diagnosis of hematomyelia is straightforward and is based on neuroimaging by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is no eff ective pathogenetic pharmacological therapy for hematomyelia; treatment is aimed at complications prevention. Taking in consideration the presence of a disabling neurologic impairment, this category of patients experiences an increased risk of venous thromboembolic disorders development, including fatal pulmonary embolism. In this regard, early measures are needed to prevent the development of venous thrombosis. The straightforward procedure of treatment is neurosurgical intervention in order to eliminate the source of bleeding and prevent repeated intramedullary hemorrhages. Timely diagnosis of hematomyelia followed by neurosurgical intervention leads to a favorable outcome of the disease, a decrease in mortality and disability.

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Coronaviridae family and is clinically manifest with respiratory symptoms. However, patients have been described with symptoms and complications from the nervous system, as well as skin manifestations in the form of various rashes. In our clinical case of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), this is pneumonia with respiratory failure of the 1st degree, moderate severity and Bell’s palsy in combination with skin rashes in the form of an urticarial rash in a 58-year-old woman. Clinical features of cutaneous and neurological symptoms were prior to the development of respiratory symptoms. The presented clinical case showed that COVID-19, before the development of respiratory symptoms, can manifest itself with peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve and be combined with skin rashes, which can complicate the timely diagnosis of a viral disease.

The aim. To evaluate the effi cacy of swallowing recovery of patients with ischemic stroke carried out with the use of training rehabilitation method using special nutrient mixtures as part of combination therapy. 
Material and methods. The study included 65 patients (35 men and 30 women, aged 45 to 80 years) with dysphagia in the acute period of ischemic stroke. Thirty patients (control group) were treated with special binding compounds as part of a combination therapy. Thirty fi ve patients (comparison group) did not use the mixture. The dynamics of the recovery function of swallowing using the Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) and the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS), as well as the transition from tube to independent feeding were studied. 
Results. The training method of rehabilitation using special nutritional mixtures is eff ective assessed with PAS and FEDSS in patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia (p < 0.05). The most pronounced eff ect was achieved in the group of patients with pseudobulbar syndrome. In patients with bulbar syndrome no statistically signifi cant diff erences were observed in the dynamic assessment of the severity of dysphagia on the PAS and FEDSS scales. The application of the training method leads to a signifi cantly better transition from tube to independent feeding. 
Conclusion. The training method of rehabilitation using special nutritional mixtures is eff ective in patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia and leads to a signifi cantly better transition from tube to independent feeding.