Ion channelopathies (ICs) are the result of impaired or altered regulation of ion channel proteins because of hereditary or acquired alterations. In general clinical practice IСs have a multisystemic presentation; from the central nervous system the main clinical symptom complexes include epilepsy, ataxia of various genesis, impaired cognitive and behavioral functions, hyperkinetic disorder, cephalalgia, neuropathic pain, sensory disturbance, myokymia, myotonia, idiopathic muscle weakness, sleep disturbance, visual and hearing impairment. Nowadays ionic channelopathies are most commonly considered as a trigger of the development of epilepsy independently of the type of channels. Potassium channelopathies (PCs) are the most numerous and varied type of channelopathies in terms of structure, function, biophysical and pharmacological properties. The pathogenesis of PCs is based on the dysregulation of the transmembrane K + gradient, which in turn leads to a specific nosology depending on the potassium channel subtype.

Aim: to research the data of worldwide scientific publications with further structuring of information and to provide the main clinical and diagnostic characteristics of IC with optimal therapy of concomitant seizure conditions.

Material and methods. We have analyzed 25 scientific publications in MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY database (using the keywords “ion channelopathies” and “KCNB1”): clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, clinical cases from 2009 to 2024. Also, we presented a clinical case of a child with epilepsy caused by a mutation in the KCNB1 gene, showing a positive eff ect due to the targeted therapy.

Results. We considered the main epileptogenic PCs. ICs therapy represents symptomatic treatment. For a number of epileptogenic PCs, the therapeutic approach has a strictly specific and at once highly effective anticonvulsant therapy depending on the type of ion channel.

Conclusion. The treatment of epileptic manifestations of ion channelopathies should be determined not only by the generally accepted strategy based on the type and form of seizures but also in accordance to the identified genetic defect.

In a stroke, the actions of bystanders are crucial for promptly initiating medical care, preventing complications, and maintaining the victim’s life until emergency medical services arrive. However, the public lacks sufficient knowledge regarding first aid for stroke, possibly due to the lack of a unified and effective organizational framework that incorporates modern, scientifically proven principles and methods for providing first aid in this emergency. This study was conducted to review scientific research and international practical guidelines on first aid for stroke and to identify priority measures aimed at establishing effective first aid practices, taking into account the specific legal framework for first aid in the Russian Federation. The study’s materials included international and national first aid guidelines and consensus documents, clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke, as well as related scientific articles and regulations.

Background. Emotional disorders are identified in more than 30% of post-stroke patients and are associated with delayed recovery and increased long-term mortality. Emerging evidence suggests a positive effect of motor imagery training on the correction of anxiety-depressive disorders; however, data regarding the magnitude and clinical significance of this effect remain contradictory.

Objective. To analyze the impact of motor imagery training under braincomputer interface (BCI). control on the severity of anxiety and depression in post-stroke patients according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 113 participants in the multicenter randomized controlled trial iMove (2015–2017). The main group (n = 79) received training with BCI-exoskeleton technology, while the control group (n = 34) received training with a simulator. Both groups underwent standard rehabilitation. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the HADS scale before and after the rehabilitation course.

Results. After the rehabilitation course, both groups showed significant improvement in anxiety and depression scores (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant between-group differences were detected (p > 0.05). In subgroups with more pronounced disorders, significant improvement was demonstrated only in the main group, while the values remained within the subclinical range.

Conclusion. Adding motor imagery training under BCI control did not lead to additional improvement in the emotional sphere. Prospective studies with more severe baseline disorders and accounting for concomitant psychopharmacotherapy are needed.

Background. Acute dizziness is a common reason for emergency department visits, necessitating rapid differential diagnosis between vertebrobasilar stroke (VBS) and benign peripheral vestibulopathies.

Aim: to conduct a comparative clinical analysis of patients with confirmed VBS and conditions mimicking its onset (stroke mimics).

Material and Methods. This single-center retrospective study (2024–2025) included 140 patients divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised patients (n = 84) with neuroimaging-confirmed VBS; Group 2 consisted of patients (n = 56) with stroke mimics (vestibular neuritis — 38%, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo — 36%, other peripheral vestibulopathies — 26%). All patients underwent neurological examination, neuroimaging (CT/MRI), and CT angiography.

Results. The clinical presentation differed between the groups. Stroke mimics were characterized by isolated vertigo, nausea/vomiting, whereas VBS was associated with a combination of truncal ataxia and dysarthria. A cerebral infarct focus was detected on initial CT in only 21.4% of VBS patients; however, follow-up imaging within the first 3 days revealed an additional 62%. Reperfusion therapy was administered to 33% of VBS patients and 11% of those with mimics. Isolated acute vestibular syndrome as a manifestation of VBS was identified in 14% of patients. The central and peripheral vertigo groups did not differ in cardiovascular risk profiles.

Conclusion. Every third case of suspected VBS is a stroke mimic. The low diagnostic yield of initial CT necessitates mandatory follow-up neuroimaging. The significant proportion of thrombolysis administered to patients with mimics underscores the need to implement standardized clinical algorithms at the initial assessment stage to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment.

Introduction. Cancer and its treatment with chemotherapy (CT) can induce or exacerbate emotional disturbances and cognitive impairment, significantly deteriorating patients’ quality of life and reducing treatment adherence. Approximately one-third of patients experience a high level of distress, including anxiety and depression, which often remains undiagnosed. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) worsens the psychological state, increasing anxiety and depression, while emotional distress, in turn, heightens the perception of symptoms. These interrelated disorders necessitate a more attentive approach to their diagnosis and management.

Objective: to determine the relationship between neuropathic, emotional, and cognitive disorders in patients who have received neurotoxic chemotherapy.

Material and methods. The study included 71 patients with solid malignant tumors receiving platinum — or taxane — based polychemotherapy. CIPN was diagnosed in 73% of patients. Levels of asthenia (MFI-20), depression and anxiety (Hamilton Rating Scale), cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)), and neuropathy severity (Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS)) were assessed before and after CT.

Results. Following CT, a statistically significant increase in asthenia was recorded (general fatigue: from 9 to 12 points (p = 0.017). The prevalence of depression increased from 28 to 49% while anxiety remained consistently high (in 79 — 81% of patients). Female patients demonstrated more pronounced asthenia, depression, and cognitive deficits. The most severe emotional disorders were dependent on the severity of CIPN.

Conclusion. CT exacerbates emotional and cognitive impairments, particularly in patients with neuropathy, underscoring the necessity for comprehensive monitoring and the integration of psychological support into the standard treatment process.

Introduction. Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is associated with the inevitable growth of cerebral hemisphere edema ultimately resulting in temporal transtentorial herniation. Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DCH) is the operation of choice for Malignant MCA; however, it does not prevent the predictable and rapidly progressive increase in cerebral hemisphere edema during the postoperative period, followed by the development of intracranial hypertension. Therefore, several authors suggest supplementing DHC with infarctectomy to improve surgical outcomes. At the same time, some researchers consider infarctectomy pointless.

Objective: to determine the feasibility of infarctectomy in patients with malignant MCA.

Material and methods. 9 patients aged 47–68 years (mean 58.2 ± 2.2 years) underwent DHC with additional infarctectomy and tentoriotomy. Morphological examination of biopsy materials from the anterior part of the temporal lobe was performed for all patients.

Results. Morphological examination of the resected anterior part of the temporal lobe confirmed the presence of irreversible changes in the brain tissue in all patients. The results of follow-up computed tomography of the brain revealed porencephalic and signs of resorption of necrotized brain tissue of the cerebral hemisphere with its replacement by cerebrospinal fluid.

Conclusion. Irreversible morphological changes in the resected brain tissue and follow-up computed tomography data confirm the feasibility of infarctectomy in cases of malignant cerebral infarction in the territory supplied by the middle cerebral artery.