Stroke is a serious medical problem.. Emotional and volitional consequences after stroke are varied and include depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, irritability and apathy, and other emotional and behavioral conditions. The review presents current data on the frequency, prevalence and main causes of the development of emotional and volitional disorders after stroke. Possible mechanisms of their development and. pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of correction of these disorders are considerated.

Tremor is the most common movement disorder, which is often observed in such neurological diseases as Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and interferes with household and professional tasks independently. The mechanical suppression of involuntary movements is the alternative way to drug treatment or surgical intervention, which are often insuffi ciently eff ective or even contraindicated. In this review there are presented diff erent medical devices that may be used as an addition to standard tremor’s therapy and can provide safe and eff ective suppression of tremor.

The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the incidence and prevalence of myasthenia gravis in the Republic of Bashkortostan over the period 2003–2022.
Results. During the analyzed period, the prevalence of myasthenia gravis in the Republic of Bashkortostan was approximately 13 cases per 100,000 population. It was relatively stable over time, except for the group of patients over 60 years of age, which demonstrated a nearly 2-fold increase. The incidence rate showed signifi cant fl uctuations, with an average of 1.4 cases per 100,000 population.
Conclusion. Over the period 2013–2022, there was an increase in the prevalence of myasthenia, which is likely due to an aging population and an increased detection rate. The incidence was subject to signifi cant fl uctuations, which were largely related to organizational factors.

This is the fi rst clinical report of a patient with MuSK-myasthenia gravis combined with Bickerstaff ’s brainstem encephalitis and a pharyngo-cervico-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. There were observed previously unreported and rare symptoms in Bickerstaff ’s brainstem encephalitis: palinopsia, allesthesia, derealization, and depersonalization states; in the pharyngo-cervico-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, there was involvement of peripheral structures of the visual pathway and the peripheral autonomic nervous system. Manifestations of Bickerstaff ’s brainstem encephalitis included pronounced somnolence, pyramidal and cerebellar symptoms, and psychiatric disturbances; a notable feature was its development following a coronavirus infection and a relapsing course. The diagnosis of the pharyngo-cervico-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome was based on fi ndings such as hyporefl exia, results of electroneuromyography, elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fl uid, and involvement of peripheral segments of the optic nerve and autonomic nervous system. 

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 27B (SCA27B) is a newly identifi ed hereditary ataxia discovered in 2023, characterized by pathological GAA repeat expansions in the FGF14 gene. Current research indicates it as one of the most prevalent forms of adult-onset ataxia, particularly among previously undiagnosed cases. We describe a 64-year-old female patient with SCA27B exhibiting: recurrent dysarthria, downbeat nystagmus and unremarkable neuroimaging fi ndings. This case illustrates a comprehensive diagnostic approach for progressive cerebellar ataxia of unclear etiology (videooculography, Halmagyi video head impulse test, cerebellar MRspectroscopy and genetic testing). We discussed diffi culties of diff erential diagnosis of SCA27B with acquired (including gluten) ataxia.

In this article we present a clinical case of a combination of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in a 19-year-old female patient. Initially disease manifested with painless vision loss in the right eye. Two weeks later, the patient experienced visual impairment in the second eye. MRI of the brain and spinal cord revealed lesions typical for MS. Laboratory examination revealed CSF oligoclonal bands (type 2 synthesis). Despite undergoing pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and plasma exchange, no improvement in vision was observed. The course of optic neuropathy was atypical for MS, leading to a suspicion of LHON. Genetic testing identifi ed the mutation m.11778G > A in the MT-ND4 gene, confi rming the diagnosis. This case highlights the need for further investigation into the comorbidity of MS with LHON and the shared pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both diseases.

The article presents a description of a clinical case of atypical late form of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) in the terminal stage with debut in the fourth decade of life and rapidly progressive course. The most characteristic signs of the disease in this patient were parkinsonism syndrome, pyramidal symptoms, various hyperkinesis, decreased cognitive functions, depression. The diagnosis was based on the characteristic clinical picture and typical MRI signs in the form of the “tiger eye” symptom. Due to the lack of eff ective treatment methods at present, the patient received symptomatic treatment.

Objective: to evaluate the eff ects of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS).
Material and methods. The article presents the results of observation of 14 patients with TN secondary to MS. In order to reduce the intensity of pain syndrome, stereotactic radiosurgery was performed using the Gamma Knife. The irradiation target was the middle third of the cisternal portion of the trigeminal nerve with a maximum dose of 80–90 Gy. Pain intensity before and after SRS, as well as during relapses, was assessed using the visual analogue scale and the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Scale (BNI PS). Complications of SRS are classifi ed according to the Barrow Neurological Institute facial hypoesthesia scale (BNI fhs). The observation period for patients after SRS was Me = 24.4 [17.5; 41] months.
Results. Pain relief after SRS occurred in 85.7% of patients. The improvement developed within 1–2 months after SRS. Complications in the form of hypoesthesia and/or paresthesia were noted in 28.6%. Relapses of the disease were diagnosed in 58.3% of patients after SRS, and in 57% of them the pain was relieved by medications.
Conclusion. Stereotactic radiosurgery of patients with MS-related TN is highly eff ective and well tolerated. The use of the Gamma Knife should be considered a priority given the variety of surgical approaches.