Effect of Motor Imagery Training with “Brain–Computer” Interface Control on Anxiety and Depression in Post-Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background. Emotional disorders are identified in more than 30% of post-stroke patients and are associated with delayed recovery and increased long-term mortality. Emerging evidence suggests a positive effect of motor imagery training on the correction of anxiety-depressive disorders; however, data regarding the magnitude and clinical significance of this effect remain contradictory.

Objective. To analyze the impact of motor imagery training under braincomputer interface (BCI). control on the severity of anxiety and depression in post-stroke patients according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 113 participants in the multicenter randomized controlled trial iMove (2015–2017). The main group (n = 79) received training with BCI-exoskeleton technology, while the control group (n = 34) received training with a simulator. Both groups underwent standard rehabilitation. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the HADS scale before and after the rehabilitation course.

Results. After the rehabilitation course, both groups showed significant improvement in anxiety and depression scores (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant between-group differences were detected (p > 0.05). In subgroups with more pronounced disorders, significant improvement was demonstrated only in the main group, while the values remained within the subclinical range.

Conclusion. Adding motor imagery training under BCI control did not lead to additional improvement in the emotional sphere. Prospective studies with more severe baseline disorders and accounting for concomitant psychopharmacotherapy are needed.

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