Оптическая когерентная томография сетчатки как прогностический биомаркер прогрессирования рассеянного склероза

   Рассеянный склероз (РС) — аутоиммунное воспалительно-демиелинизирующее, нейродегенеративное инвалидизирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы мультифакториального генеза. В начальных стадиях ремиттирующего РС преобладает аутоиммунное воспаление с чередованием обострений и ремиссий, но в последующем развивается прогрессирующая нейродегенерация, которая лежит в основе стойкой инвалидизации больных. Переход ремиттирующего РС во вторично-прогрессирующую форму представляет собой критический фактор для долгосрочного прогноза и делает необходимым поиск точных биомаркеров, предикторов риска трансформации течения РС. Одним из таких маркеров являются толщина слоя нервных волокон и ганглиозных клеток, а также состояние микроциркуляторного русла сетчатки глаза, которые легко верифицируются с помощью оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) — неинвазивного метода, позволяющего проводить сегментацию сетчатки в аксиальной плоскости в режиме реального времени.

   Целью обзора является обсуждение результатов, достигнутых в изучении и применении ОКТ сетчатки как потенциального визуализационного биомаркера прогрессирования РС.

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