The Russian neurological journal was founded in 1995. The first issue was released in 1996. More than 130 issues have been published to date.

The Editorial Board and the Editorial Council of the journal include 3 academicians and 3 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as 29 professors from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus working in the fields of neurological disorders and neurosurgery.

The journal covers issues of current importance in neurology and neurosurgery, such as diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders, organization of neurological care, modern instrumental and laboratory diagnostic techniques, basic research in neuroscience, bioethics, and history of neurology. The journal also reviews material from congresses and conferences held in Russia and the rest of the world.

In 2014, the journal was awarded a grant from the Russian Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of a contest aimed at providing state support to Russian scientific journals.

The readership of the Russian neurological Journal includes a wide spectrum of experts in neurology, neurosurgery, and allied healthcare disciplines.