Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription Access
Neuromyostimulation methods for treatment of neurogenic dysphagia
S. A. Zaytsevskaya,
R. Kh. Lyukmanov,
N. B. Loginova,
A. A. Panina,
E. S. Berdnikovich,
N. A. Suponeva https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-2-4-12
Abstract
Swallowing disorder, or dysphagia, is a common complication of various neurological disorders. Impairment of the swallowing process is accompanied by the risk of life-threatening complications, such as aspiration pneumonia and airway obstruction. A comprehensive personalized approach is considered to be the most promising therapeutic strategy. It has been shown that noninvasive neurostimulation therapies of central and peripheral nervous system should be an integral part of a multicomponent treatment protocol of neurogenic dysphagia. Further studies are required to expand our knowledge of the combined effectiveness, tolerability and safety of neurostimulation methods in order to develop standardized guidelines for the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia.
About the Authors
S. A. Zaytsevskaya
Scientific Center of Neurology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
R. Kh. Lyukmanov
Scientific Center of Neurology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
N. B. Loginova
Scientific Center of Neurology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
A. A. Panina
Scientific Center of Neurology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
E. S. Berdnikovich
Scientific Center of Neurology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
N. A. Suponeva
Scientific Center of Neurology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
References
1. Dziewas R., Allescher H.D., Aroyo I., Bartolome G., Beilenhoff U., Bohlender J., Breitbach-Snowdon H., Fheodoroff K., Glahn J., Heppner H.J., Hörmann K., Ledl C., Lücking C., Pokieser P., Schefold J.C., Schröter-Morasch H., Schweikert K., Sparing R., Trapl-Grundschober M., Wallesch C., Warnecke T., Werner C.J., Weßling J., Wirth R., Pflug C. Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia — S1 guideline of the German Society of Neurology. Neurol Res Pract. 2021;3(1):1– 30. doi: 10.1186/s42466-021-00122-3
2. Banda K.J., Chu H., Chen R., Kang X.L., Jen H.J., Liu D., Shen Hsiao S.T., Chou K.R. Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Risk of Pneumonia, Malnutrition, and Mortality in Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Meta-Analysis. Gerontology. 2022;68(8):841–853. doi: 10.1159/000520326
3. Miller S., Peters K., Ptok M. Review of the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the treatment of dysphagia — an update. Ger Med Sci. 2022;20(6):1–8. doi: 10.3205/000310
4. Tanashyan M.M., Berdnikovich E.S., Lagoda O.V. Post-stroke dysphagia: novel treatment approaches. Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2018;10(2):57–62. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2018-2-57-62
5. Avdyunina I.A., Grechko A.V., Bruno E.V. The basic feeding principles in cases of neurogenic dysphagia (lecture). Consilium Medicum. 2016;18(2.1):53–58. (In Russ.). URL: https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/view/95162
6. Berdnikovich E.S., Orlova O.S. Current problems and prospects for overcoming dysphagia in neurodegenerative diseases. Disfagiya u detey i vzroslykh. Logopedicheskiye tekhnologii. Kollektivnaya monografiya. Logomag. 2020;35–58.. URL: https://logomag.ru/shop/product-3285/
7. Cheng I., Sasegbon A., Hamdy S. Effects of pharmacological agents for neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022;34(3):1–12. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14220
8. Howard M.M., Block E.S., Mishreki D., Kim T., Rosario E.R. The Effect of Sensory Level Versus Motor Level Electrical Stimulation of Pharyngeal Muscles in Acute Stroke Patients with Dysphagia: A Randomized Trial. Dysphagia. 2023;38(3):943– 953. doi: 10.1007/s00455-022-10520-7
9. Yang S., Park J.W., Min K., Lee Y.S., Song Y.J., Choi S.H., Kim D.Y., Lee S.H., Yang H.S., Cha W., Kim J.W., Oh B.M., Seo H.G., Kim M.W., Woo H.S., Park S.J., Jee S., Oh J.S., Park K.D., Young J.J., Sungjun H., DooHan Y., Kim B.H., Lee H.H., Kim Y.H., Kang M., Chung E., Kim B.R., Kim T., Ko E.J., Park Y.M., Park H., Kim M., Seok J., Im S., Ko S., Lim S.H., Jung K.W., Lee T.H., Hing B.Y., Kim W., Shin W., Lee Y.C., Park S.J., Lim J., Kim Y., Lee J.H., Ahn K., Paeng J., Park J., Song Y.A., Seo K.C., Ryu C.H., Cho J., Lee J., Choi K.H. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Ann Rehabil Med. 2023;47(Suppl 1):1–26. doi: 10.5535/arm.23069
10. Strelnikova I.A., Poverennova I.E., Nekludova M.A. Experience of VOCASTIM application in patients with acute dysphagic stroke. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2013;1(66):66–69 (In Russ.). URL: http://pmarchive.ru/opyt-primeneniya-apparata-vocastim-u-bolnyx-s-disfagiej-v-ostrom-periode-insulta/
11. Zdvizhkova S.V., Konstantinova O.A. Experience of using cutaneous electrical stimulation with the Vocastim device on patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia in complex disease. Current issues in speech therapy. Collection of scientific and scientific-methodical works. Saratov. 2018;4:62–68. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36563584
12. Speyer R., Sutt A.L., Bergström L., Hamdy S., Heijnen B.J., Remijn L., Wilkes-Gillan S., Cordier R. Neurostimulation in People with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials-Part I: Pharyngeal and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation. J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):1–51. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030776
13. Park J.S., Oh D.H., Hwang N.K., Lee J.H. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dysphagia: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation. 2018;42(4):457–463. doi: 10.3233/NRE-172306
14. Terré R., Mearin F. A randomized controlled study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(4):687–e44. doi: 10.1111/ene.12631
15. Petrov K.B. The Experience of Using the Original Complex of Physiotherapy Exercises and Electrical Stimulation during Rehabilitation of the Patient with Pseudobulbar Paralysis. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2021;20(1):84–95. (In Russ.). doi: 10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-1-84-95
16. Assoratgoon I., Shiraishi N., Tagaino R., Ogawa T., Sasaki K. Sensory neuromuscular electrical stimulation for dysphagia rehabilitation: A literature review. J Oral Rehabil. 2023;50(2):157– 164. doi: 10.1111/joor.13391
17. Panebianco M., Marchese-Ragona R., Masiero S., Restivo D.A. Dysphagia in neurological diseases: a literature review. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(11):3067–3073. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04495-2
18. Costa D.R., Santos P.S., Fischer Rubira C.M., Berretin-Felix G. Immediate effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing function in individuals after oral and oropharyngeal cancer therapy. SAGE open medicine. 2020;8(1):1–11. doi: 10.1177/2050312120974152
19. Umay E., Gurcay E., Ozturk E.A., Unlu Akyuz E. Is sensory-level electrical stimulation effective in cerebral palsy children with dysphagia? A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acta Neurol 6Belg. 2020;120(5):1097–1105. doi: 10.1007/s13760-018-01071-
20. Maeda K., Koga T., Akagi J. Interferential current sensory stimulation, through the neck skin, improves airway defense and oral nutrition intake in patients with dysphagia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:1879–1886. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S140746
21. Ortega O., Rofes L., Martin A., Arreola V., López I., Clavé P. A Comparative Study Between Two Sensory Stimulation Strategies After Two Weeks Treatment on Older Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2016;31(5):706–716. doi: 10.1007/s00455-016-9736-4
22. Zhang M., Tao T., Zhang Z.B., Zhu X., Fan W.G., Pu L.J., Chu L., Yue S.W. Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Patients With Dysphagia With Medullary Infarction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(3):355–362. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.10.104
23. Beom J., Oh B.M., Choi K.H., Kim W., Song Y.J., You D.S., Kim S.J., Han T.R. Effect of Electrical Stimulation of the Suprahyoid Muscles in Brain-Injured Patients with Dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2015;30(4):423–429. doi: 10.1007/s00455-015-9617-2
24. Shimizu S., Metani H., Hiraoka T., Seki S., Hanayama K., Tsubahara A. Electrode position and hyoid movement in surface electrical stimulation of the suprahyoid muscle group. Japanese J Compr Rehabil Sci. 2014;5:97–101. doi: 10.11336/jjcrs.5.97
25. Rofes L., Arreola V., López I., Martin A., Sebastián M., Ciurana A., Clavé P. Effect of surface sensory and motor electrical stimulation on chronic poststroke oropharyngeal dysfunction. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25(11):888–e701. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12211
26. Xia W., Zheng C., Lei Q., Tang Z., Hua Q., Zhang Y., Zhu S. Treatment of post-stroke dysphagia by vitalstim therapy coupled with conventional swallowing training. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2011;31(1):73–76. doi: 10.1007/s11596-011-0153-5
27. Gallas S., Marie J.P., Leroi A.M., Verin E. Sensory transcutaneous electrical stimulation improves post-stroke dysphagic patients. Dysphagia. 2010;25(4):291–297. doi: 10.1007/s00455-009-9259-3
28. Lim K.B., Lee H.J., Lim S.S., Choi Y.I. Neuromuscular electrical and thermal-tactile stimulation for dysphagia caused by stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2009;41(3):174– 178. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0317
29. Li X.W., Li L. Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on Wilson’s disease patients with dysphagia. J Phys Ther Sci. 2019;31(12):971–974. doi: 10.1589/jpts.31.971
30. Chernikova L.A., Avdyunina I.A., Savitskaya N.G. Intrapharyngeal electrical stimulation in rehabilitation of patients with post-stroke dysphagia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2003;9:193–195. (In Russ.).
31. Grokhovskaya N.V., Kotlik B.A., Chernikova L.A. Elektrod glotochnyy. Patent USSR № 26312. 1988. (In Russ.)
32. Sasegbon A., Cheng I., Zhang M., Hamdy S. Advances in the Use of Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Dysphagia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Application of Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Am J Speech-Language Pathol. 2020;29(2S):1044–1064. doi: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-19-00073
33. Jayasekeran V., Singh S., Tyrrell P., Michou E., Jefferson S., Mistry S., Gamble E., Rothwell J., Thompson D., Hamdy S. Adjunctive functional pharyngeal electrical stimulation reverses swallowing disability after brain lesions. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(5):1737–1746. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.052
34. Restivo D.A., Hamdy S. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation device for the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia: technology update. Med Devices (Auckl). 2018;11(1):21–26. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S122287
35. Hamdy S., Rothwell J.C., Aziz Q., Singh K.D., Thompson D.G. Long-term reorganization of human motor cortex driven by short-term sensory stimulation. Nat Neurosci. 1998;1(1):64–68. doi: 10.1038/264
36. Fraser C., Power M., Hamdy S., Rothwell J., Hobday D., Hollander I., Tyrell P., Hobson A., Williams S., Thompson D. Driving plasticity in human adult motor cortex is associated with improved motor function after brain injury. Neuron. 2002;34(5):831–840. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00705-5
37. Zhang X., Wang X., Liang Y., Shan Y., Song R., Li X., Dou Z., Wen H. Neuroplasticity Elicited by Modified Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci. 2023;13(1):1–13. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13010119
38. Bath P.M., Scutt P., Love J., Clavé P., Cohen D., Dziewas R., Iversen H.K., Ledl C., Ragab S., Soda H., Warusevitane A., Woisard V., Hamdy S., Swallowing Treatment Using Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (STEPS) Trial Investigators. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Dysphagia in Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke. 2016;47(6):1562– 1570. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012455
39. Dziewas R., Stellato R., van der Tweel I., Walther E., Werner C.J., Braun T., Citerio G., Jandl M., Friedrichs M., Nötzel K., Vosko M.R., Mistry S., Hamdy S., McGowan S., Warnecke T., Zwittag P., Bath P.M., PHAST-TRAC investigators. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for early decannulation in tracheotomised patients with neurogenic dysphagia after stroke (PHAST-TRAC): a prospective, single-blinded, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(10):849–859. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30255-2
40. Bath P.M., Woodhouse L.J., Suntrup-Krueger S., Likar R., Koestenberger M., Warusevitane A., Herzog J., Schuttler M., Ragab S., Everton L., Ledl C., Walther E., Saltuari L., Pucks-Faes E., Bocksrucker C., Vosko M., de Broux J., Haase C.G., Raginis-Zborowska A., Mistry S., Hamdy S., Dziewas R. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for neurogenic dysphagia following stroke, traumatic brain injury or other causes: Main results from the PHADER cohort study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;28(10):1– 19. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100608
41. Sidyakina I.V., Voronova M.V. The individualized approach to the rehabilitation of patients with central dysphagia. Russian Journal of the Physical Therapy, Balneotherapy and Reabilitation. 2016;15(3):137–141. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18821/1681-3456-15-3-137-141
42. Struppler A., Binkofski F., Angerer B., Bernhardt M., Spiegel S., Drzezga A., Bartenstein P. A fronto-parietal network is mediating improvement of motor function related to repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation: A PET-H2O15 study. Neuroimage. 2007;36.2:174–186. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.033
43. Ogawa M., Kagaya H., Nagashima Y., Mori S., Shibata S., Inamoto Y., Aoyagi Y., Toda F., Ozeki M., Saitoh E. Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation for Strengthening of the Suprahyoid Muscles: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuromodulation. 2020;23(6):778–783. doi: 10.1111/ner.13057
44. Hwang N.K., Park J.S., Choi J.B., Jung Y.J. Effect of Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation for Dysphagia Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(17):1–14. doi: 10.3390/nu14173514
45. Momosaki R., Abo M., Watanabe S., Kakuda W., Yamada N., Kinoshita S. Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation With Intensive Swallowing Rehabilitation for Poststroke Dysphagia: An Open-Label Case Series. Neuromodulation. 2015;18(7):630– 635. doi: 10.1111/ner.12308
46. Momosaki R., Abo M., Watanabe S., Kakuda W., Yamada N., Mochio K. Functional magnetic stimulation using a parabolic coil for dysphagia after stroke. Neuromodulation. 2014;17(7):637– 641. doi: 10.1111/ner.12137
47. Nagashima Y., Kagaya H., Toda F., Aoyagi Y., Shibata S., Saitoh E., Abe K., Nakayama E., Ueda K. Effect of electromyography-triggered peripheral magnetic stimulation on voluntary swallow in healthy humans. J Oral Rehabil. 2021;48(12):1354– 1362. doi: 10.1111/joor.13256
48. Yakovlev A.A., Shaybak A.A., Grechko A.V., Sidorov I.B., Yakovleva A.V., Pryanikova N.I., Usol′tseva N. Method of treating cricopharyngeal insufficiency and recuperation of swallowing function. Patent RU2714177C1. 2020. URL: https://patents.google.com/patent/RU2714177C1/ru
49. Shajbak A.A., Yakovleva A.V., Yakovlev A.A., Sidorov I.B., Pryanikova N.I., Raskatova E.V., Usoltseva N.I., Grechko A.V. Noninvasive magnetic stimulation with endoscopic navigation for the treatment of cricopharyngeal failure in chronic critical illness. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2021;121(7):31–35. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro202112107131
50. Hagbarth K.E., Eklund G. The muscle vibrator-a useful tool in neurological therapeutic work. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1969;1(1):26–34. doi: 10.2340/1650197701026034
51. Murillo N., Valls-Sole J., Vidal J., Opisso E., Medina J., Kumru H. Focal vibration in neurorehabilitation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2014;50(2):231–242. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-01845-0_137
52. Murillo N., Kumru H., Vidal-Samso J., Benito J., Medina J., Navarro X., Valls-Sole J. Decrease of spasticity with muscle vibration in patients with spinal cord injury. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(6):1183–1189. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.11.012
53. Noma T., Matsumoto S., Etoh S., Shimodozono M., Kawahira K. Anti-spastic effects of the direct application of vibratory stimuli to the spastic muscles of hemiplegic limbs in post-stroke patients. Brain Inj. 2009;23(7):623–631. doi: 10.1080/02699050902997896
54. Kamada K., Shimodozono M., Hamada H., Kawahira K. Effects of 5 minutes of neck-muscle vibration immediately before occupational therapy on unilateral spatial neglect. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(23–24):2322–2328. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.570411
55. Paoloni M., Mangone M., Scettri P., Procaccianti R., Cometa A., Santilli V. Segmental muscle vibration improves walking in chronic stroke patients with foot drop: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010;24(3):254–262. doi: 10.1177/1545968309349940
56. Galluccio C., Pazzaglia C., Spaccatrosi S., Giovannini S., Castelli L., Padua L. Focal vibration in dysphagia: A technological treatment for severe acquired brain injury rehabilitation. J Oral Rehabil. 2023;50(8):679–686. doi: 10.1111/joor.13465
57. Ciritella C., Spina S., Cinone N., Giordano M.P., Facciorusso S., Santamato A. Focal muscle vibrations improve swallowing in persistent dysphagia after traumatic brain injury : A case report. Turk J Phys Med Rehab. 2023;69(x):i–v. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2023.11351
58. Mulheren R.W., Ludlow CL. Vibration over the larynx increases swallowing and cortical activation for swallowing. J Neurophysiol. 2017;118(3):1698–1708. doi: 10.1152/jn.00244.2017
59. Kamarunas E., Wong S.M., Ludlow C.L. Laryngeal Vibration Increases Spontaneous Swallowing Rates in Chronic Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Proof-of-Principle Pilot Study. Dysphagia. 2019;34(5):640–653. doi: 10.1007/s00455-018-9962-z
60. Wang L., Shi A., Xue H., Li Q., Wang J., Yang H., Hong H., Lu Q., Cheng J. Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Conventional Swallowing Rehabilitation Training on Post-stroke Dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2023;38(6):1537– 1545. doi: 10.1007/s00455-023-10581-2
61. He K., Wu L., Huang Y., Chen Q., Qiu B., Liang K., Ma R. Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):1–17. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092297
62. Zhao N., Sun W., Xiao Z., Fan C., Zeng B., Xu K., Liao M., Lu W. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Poststroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(7):1436–1447. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.03.004
63. Cosentino G., Gargano R., Bonura G., Realmuto S., Tocco E., Ragonese P., Gangitano M., Alfonsi E., Fierro B., Brighina F., Salemi G. Anodal tDCS of the swallowing motor cortex for treatment of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis: a pilot open-label study. Neurol Sci. 2018;39(8):1471–1473. doi: 10.1007/s10072-018-3443-x
64. Restivo D.A., Alfonsi E., Casabona A., Hamdy S., Tassorelli C., Panebianco M., Marchese-Ragona R., Quartarone A., Centonze D., Pavone A., Stampanoni Bassi M. A pilot study on the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation applied to the pharyngeal motor cortex for dysphagia associated with brainstem involvement in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;130(6):1017–1024. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.04.003
65. Dashtelei A.A., Nitsche M.A., Salehinejad M.A., Habibi A.H., Bakhtyiari J., Khatoonabadi A.R. Adjunctive transcranial direct current stimulation to improve swallowing functions in Parkinson’s disease. EXCLI J. 2024;23:95–107. doi: 10.17179/excli2023-6496
66. Lefaucheur J.P., Aleman A., Baeken C., Benninger D.H., Brunelin J., Di Lazzaro V., Filipović S.R., Grefkes C., Hasan A., Hummel F.C., Jääskeläinen S.K., Langguth B., Leocani L., Londero A., Nardone R., Nguyen J.P., Nyffeler T., Oliveira-Maia A.J., Oliviero A., et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014–2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020;131(2):474–528. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002
67. Li H., Li L., Zhang R., Huang X., Lin J., Liu C., Lou W. Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on poststroke dysphagia: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Int J Rehabil Res. 2022;45(2):109–117. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000517
68. Xie Y., Wang S., Jia J., Xie Y., Chen X., Qing W., Wang Y. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Improving Dysphagia After Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Neurosci. 2022;16(4):1–13. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.854219
69. Xie Y., Wang S., Ju Y., Xie Y., Qing W., Wang Y. Theta burst stimulation versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for poststroke dysphagia A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Med (United States). 2022;101(2):1–8. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028576
70. Georgiou A.M., Phylactou P., Kambanaros M. The effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysphagia in stroke patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Hum Neurosci. 2024;18(3):1–10. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1355407
Review
For citations:
Zaytsevskaya S.A., Lyukmanov R.Kh., Loginova N.B., Panina A.A., Berdnikovich E.S., Suponeva N.A. Neuromyostimulation methods for treatment of neurogenic dysphagia. Russian neurological journal. 2025;30(2):4-12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-2-4-12
Views:
161
Email this article 