Anatomical focus on the sacrococcygeal region importance in neurology

Objective: to study morphofunctional features of the sacrococcygeal region structures, their syntopy to neighboring anatomical formations and internal organs, as well as associated pathological processes and anomalies of their development to improve the search for the sacralgia and coccygodynia causes.
Material and мethods: data from electronic resources e-Library.ru, CyberLeninck, Cochrane Library, Google Academy, Global Health, Medline, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed were used.
Results. The sacrococcygeal region is a place of concentration of numerous nerve branches and plexuses innervating not only the pelvic organs but also the lower extremities. Even a small change in the form and function of any sacrococcygeal region components violates their correct syntopy and leads to the pathogenetic mechanisms, the leading manifestation of which is pain. The basis of the most pain syndrome cases is skeletal-muscular or nonspecifi c pain, in which the facet joints, sacroiliac joints, spinal muscles, piriformis muscle and ligaments are identifi ed as anatomical pain impulsation sources. Connective tissue dysplasia syndrome is a serious risk factor for musculoskeletal ligament failure, joint instability, and pain syndrome chronifi zation at working age. Neuropatic pain caused by compression of the spinal root or “cauda equina” by disc herniation or spondylolisthesis is much less common. The least common pain in the sacroiliac region is caused by specifi c causes, including developmental abnormalities, injuries, internal organ diseases, tumors, infectious and autoimmune processes.

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