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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-4-22-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-96</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сочетание тикозных расстройств и комбинированного типа синдрома дефицита внимания: особенности специфического когнитивного дефицита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Coexistence of Tic Disorders and Combined Type of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Features of Specific Cognitive Deficit</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-333X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-1479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емелина Дарья Андреевна — кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения детской психиатрии, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emelina Daria Andreevna — Candidate of Medical Sciences, researcher of Department ofChild Psychiatry, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashaberkos@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-3110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоромец</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skoromets</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3114-4221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоромец</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skoromets</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский медицинский университет им. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский медицинский университет им. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; The First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Скоромец А.А., Скоромец Т.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., Скоромец А.А., Скоромец Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasanov R.F., Makarov I.V., Emelina D.A., Skoromets A.A., Skoromets T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/96">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/96</self-uri><abstract><p>Состояние когнитивного дефицита в условиях сочетания синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью (СДВГ) с тикозными гиперкинезами (ТГ) относится к числу наименее изученных вопросов. Выявление особенностей когнитивного развития детей в условиях коморбидности расстройств позволит разработать и построить адекватную модель реабилитации.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить состояния когнитивного дефицита у детей с ТГ в условиях коморбидности с комбинированным типом СДВГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. 404 ребенка в возрасте 6–10 лет с комбинированным вариантом СДВГ были разделены на три подгруппы по состоянию активности моноаминов: 1-я подгруппа — с сочетанием гипофункции дофаминергической и гиперфункции норадренергической систем — 120 человек, 2-я подгруппа — с сочетанием гиперфункции норадренергической системы при относительной сбалансированности дофаминовой — 136 человек, 3-я подгруппа — с показателями моноаминов в пределах референтных значений — 148 детей. Контрольную группу составили 90 детей (54 мальчика и 36 девочек). Для диагностики уровня интеллектуального развития был использован детский вариант методики Векслера. В каждой подгруппе с известным направлением активности моноаминов сравнивались показатели теста Векслера у детей с СДВГ как без коморбидности с ТГ, так и с ТГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Чувствительными к сопутствующим СДВГ тикозным гиперкинезам оказались субстесты «Последовательные картинки», «Недостающие детали» и «Кубики Кооса», отражающие соответственно перечислению, способности к вербально-логическому мышлению, зрительному вниманию и зрительно-моторным координациям. В ситуации гипофункции дофаминовой системы у детей с СДВГ присоединение тиков позволяет выровнять биохимический дисбаланс повышением активности дофамина и привести к более эффективной реализации способности к вербально-логическому мышлению. Способность к зрительному вниманию у детей с СДВГ при присоединении тикозных гиперкинезов также возрастает, вероятно, из-за повышения интенсивности воздействия серотониновой системы. И, наконец, зрительно-моторные координации улучшаются с присоединением тикозных гиперкинезов в случаях изменения баланса дофаминовой и норадренергической систем.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные согласуются с «гипотезой компенсации лобной доли» в той ее части, которая описывает наличие компенсаторного процесса при присоединении тиков у детей с СДВГ, однако и расширяет ее, предполагая участие в адаптивном процессе не только префронтального кортекса, но и теменно-затылочных областей коры головного мозга, связанных с пространственным синтезом и анализом информации, а также со зрительно-моторными координациями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The state of cognitive deficit in subjects with combination of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic hyperkinesis is among the least studied issues. Identification of the cognitive development features in children with these disorders comorbidity will help to develop and build an adequate model of rehabilitation.</p><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To study cognitive deficits in children with tic hyperkinesis (TH) in cases of comorbidity with the combined type of attention deficit disorder (ADHD).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 404 children aged 6–10 years with a combined type of ADHD were divided into three subgroups according to the state of monoamine activity: 1st subgroup with a combination of hypofunction of dopaminergic and hyperfunction of noradrenergic systems — 120 people, 2nd subgroup with a combination of hyperfunction of noradrenergic system with a relative dopamine balance — 136 people, 3rd subgroup with indicators of monoamines within the reference values — 148 children. The control group comprised of 90 children (54 boys and 36 girls). To diagnose the level of intellectual development, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was used. In each subgroup, with the known direction of monoamine activity, the Wexler test parameters were compared among ADHD groups, both with or without TG.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Subtests “Picture Arrangement”, “Picture Completion” and “Block Design” turned out to be sensitive to concomitant combined type of ADHD and tics in children, reflecting, respectively, enumeration, the ability to logical thinking, visual attention and hand-eye coordination. In a case of dopamine system hypofunction in children with ADHD, the addition of tics leads to the smoothing of the biochemical imbalance by increasing the activity of dopamine and thus, results in a more effective realization of logical thinking ability. The level of visual attention in children with ADHD with the addition of TH also increases, probably due to a growth of the intensity of serotonin system activity. Finally, hand-eye coordination improves with the addition of tics in cases of a shift in the balance of dopamine and noradrenergic systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained are consistent with the “frontal lobe compensation hypothesis” in the part, which describes the presence of a compensatory process when tics emerge in children with combined type of ADHD. Besides, our results expand it, suggesting that not only the prefrontal cortex but also the parietal-occipital cortex participates in the adaptive process associated with spatial synthesis and analysis of information, as well as hand-eye coordination.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СДВГ</kwd><kwd>тики</kwd><kwd>импульсивность</kwd><kwd>норадренергическая система</kwd><kwd>дофаминергическая система</kwd><kwd>серотонинергическая система</kwd><kwd>когнитивный дефицит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ADHD</kwd><kwd>tics</kwd><kwd>impulsivity</kwd><kwd>noradrenergic system</kwd><kwd>dopaminergic system</kwd><kwd>serotoninergic system</kwd><kwd>cognitive deficit</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuerholz L.J., Baumgarder T.L., Singer H.S., Reiss A.L., Denckla M.B. 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