r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2026-31-2-15-22r-n-j-823Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМетоды неинвазивной терапии и реабилитации пациентов, перенесших позвоночно-спинномозговую травмуThe methods of non-invasive therapy and rehabilitation in patients with spinal cord injuryhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-8821-348XСоловьевД. А.SolovevD. A.

Санкт–Петербург

St. Petersburg

dankrute@gmail.comАксютенкоА. Г.AksyutenkoA. G.

Санкт–Петербург

St. Petersburg

aksyutenko27@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-3778-8175КотыховаЯ. В.KotykhovaY. V.

Санкт–Петербург

St. Petersburg

yanakotyhova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-8491-9238КузьминаО. А.KuzminaO. A.

Санкт–Петербург

St. Petersburg

serafimkat99@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7230-0237СидуненкоА. И.SidunenkoA. I.

Санкт–Петербург

St. Petersburg

asidunenko2002@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-8290-5980ХарисоваК. Р.KharisovaK. R.

Санкт–Петербург

St. Petersburg

milok01012014@gmail.comВоенно–медицинская академия имени С.М. КироваРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian FederationСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияSt. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институтРоссияPetersburg Medical-Social InstituteRussian Federation2026170620263121522Copyright © Соловьев Д.А., Аксютенко А.Г., Котыхова Я.В., Кузьмина О.А., Сидуненко А.И., Харисова К.Р., 20262026Соловьев Д.А., Аксютенко А.Г., Котыхова Я.В., Кузьмина О.А., Сидуненко А.И., Харисова К.Р.Solovev D.A., Aksyutenko A.G., Kotykhova Y.V., Kuzmina O.A., Sidunenko A.I., Kharisova K.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/823

Позвоночно-спинномозговая травма остается одной из наиболее сложных медико-социальных проблем, приводящей к стойкой инвалидизации. Современные методы нейромодуляции предлагают новые возможности восстановления двигательных функций, уменьшения спастичности и контроля невропатической боли, однако их эффективность требует систематической оценки.

Цель

Цель: обобщить современные данные о применении функциональной электрической стимуляции, транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции, транскраниальной стимуляции постоянным током и транскутанной стимуляции спинного мозга у пациентов со спинальной травмой.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Проведен анализ систематических обзоров и метаанализов, опубликованных в международных базах данных (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary) за период 2015–2025 гг. Рассмотрены 35 источников, включающие результаты рандомизированных клинических исследований и сетевых метаанализов.

Результаты

Результаты. Функциональная электрическая стимуляция продемонстрировала выраженный эффект в улучшении дыхательной функции, выносливости и снижении спастичности. Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция способствовала восстановлению двигательных функций, увеличению силы мышц и уменьшению боли. Транскраниальная стимуляция постоянным током проявила умеренное болеутоляющее действие при сохранении высокого профиля безопасности. Транскутанная стимуляция спинного мозга показала эффективность в снижении спастичности и улучшении силы нижних конечностей, особенно в сочетании с физической реабилитацией.

Заключение

Заключение. Неинвазивная нейромодуляция — перспективное дополнение к терапии позвоночно-спинномозговой травмы. Она улучшает восстановление двигательных функций, уменьшает спастичность и боль, повышает качество жизни. Для внедрения в клиническую практику необходимы дополнительные исследования высокого уровня доказательности.

Spinal cord injury remains one of the most challenging medical and social issues, leading to long-term disability. Modern neuromodulation techniques provide new opportunities for motor function recovery, spasticity reduction, and neuropathic pain control; however, their effectiveness requires systematic evaluation.

Objective

Objective. To summarize current evidence on the use of functional electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in patients with spinal cord injury.

Material and methods

Material and methods. A review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary) between 2015 and 2025 was performed. A total of 35 sources, including results of randomized clinical trials and network meta-analyses, were analyzed.

Results

Results. Functional electrical stimulation demonstrated a pronounced effect in improving respiratory function, endurance, and reducing spasticity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation contributed to motor function recovery, increased muscle strength, and reduced pain. Transcranial direct current stimulation showed moderate analgesic effects while maintaining a high safety profile. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation was effective in reducing spasticity and improving lower limb strength, particularly when combined with physical rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Non-invasive neuromodulation is a promising adjunct to standard therapy for spinal cord injury. It enhances motor function recovery, reduces spasticity and pain, and improves patients’ quality of life. Further highquality studies are needed before its integration into clinical practice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.