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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/26587947-2025-30-5-16-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-755</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика доумеренного когнитивного снижения у пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of Pre-Mild Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-4764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коберская</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koberskaya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koberskaya_n_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-5645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхно</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakhno</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коберская Н.Н., Яхно Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коберская Н.Н., Яхно Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koberskaya N.N., Yakhno N.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/755">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/755</self-uri><abstract><p>По данным зарубежных исследований динамика доумеренного когнитивного снижения (ДУКС) в виде возможного ухудшения когнитивных функций не однозначна, российские данные по этому вопросу отсутствуют.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка в динамике когнитивного статуса пациентов с ДУКС.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. 56 пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста (61,05 ± 9,88 лет) лет с ДУКС, включающим субъективное когнитивное снижение (СКС) и легкое когнитивное снижение (ЛКС), обследованы повторно в среднем через 3,60 ± 2,50 года (от 2 до 11 лет). Для оценки когнитивного статуса использовались количественные нейропсихологические шкалы и тесты: на запоминание 12 слов с оценкой непосредственного и отсроченного воспроизведения; исследование литеральных и категориальных ассоциаций, тест Бентона на зрительную память, тест последовательного соединения цифр, цифр и букв, тест на внимание Мюнстерберга, тест символьно-цифрового кодирования, тест рисования часов; краткая шкала оценки психического статуса (КШОПС), шкала оценки лобной дисфункции (ШОЛД).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 41% пациентов обнаружено ухудшение когнитивных функций, включая переход из СКС в ЛКС, которое касалось тестов, оценивающих скорость обработки информации (тест соединения цифр), внимание (тест Мюнстерберга и тест символьно-цифрового кодирования), память (тест на запоминание 12 слов) и управляющие функции (тест соединения цифр и букв, ШОЛД). Наиболее значимые различия по завершающим показателям касались КШОПС, тестов на соединение цифр, теста соединения цифр и букв, теста символьно-цифрового кодирования и показателей непосредственного воспроизведения в тесте на память, что свидетельствует о нарастании общего когнитивного дефицита, расстройств управляющих функций, памяти и внимания. Прогрессирование когнитивного дефицита до степени умеренного когнитивного расстройства наблюдалось у 19 пациентов (34%) и было представлено снижением показателей скрининговых шкал КШОПС и ШОЛД, внимания, памяти и управляющих функций. Прогрессирование когнитивного снижения ассоциировалось с более старшим возрастом, более низким уровнем образования и большим периодом наблюдения пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о нарастании общего когнитивного дефицита, расстройств управляющих функций, памяти и внимания у пациентов с ДУКС в динамике, что является основанием для проведения возможной профилактики дальнейшего ухудшения когнитивного статуса. Проведенное исследование подтверждает роль образования как защитного фактора когнитивного снижения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to research data, the dynamics of pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD) in the form of subsequent deterioration of cognitive functions is not unambiguous, there is no Russian data on this issue.</p><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study: to evaluate the dynamics of the cognitive status of patients with PMCD.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 56 middle-aged and elderly patients (61.05 ± 9.88 years old) with PMCD were re-examined on average after 3.60 ± 2.50 years (from 2 to 11 years old). To assess the cognitive status, quantitative neuropsychological scales and tests were used: to assess memory — a 12-word recall test with assessment of immediate and delayed recall, Literal and Categorical Association Test, Benton Visual Memory Test, Trail making test (parts A, B), Munsterberg Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Clock Drawing Test; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), executive functions — the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 41% of patients demonstrated cognitive decline, including the transition from subjective cognitive decline to subtle cognitive decline. This decline was measured by tests assessing information processing speed (Trail making test, part А), attention (Munsterberg test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test), memory (12-Word Memory Test), and executive functions (Trail making test, parts В, FAB). There were no statistically signifi cant diff erences in the Clock Drawing Test. The most signifi cant diff erences in the fi nal scores concerned the MMSE, Trail making test, parts А and В, Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the immediate recall scores in the memory test, indicating an increase in general cognitive defi cits, as well as impairments in executive functions, memory, and attention. Progression of cognitive defi cit to mild cognitive impairment was observed in 19 patients (34%) and was represented by a decrease in scores of the MMSE and FAB screening scales, attention, memory and executive functions. Progression of cognitive decline was associated with older age, lower education, and a longer follow-up period.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our fi ndings indicate a dynamic increase in general cognitive defi cits, as well as impairments in executive functions, memory, and attention, in patients with PMCD. This provides grounds for potential prevention of further cognitive deterioration. This study confi rms the role of education as a protective factor of subsequent cognitive decline.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>доумеренное когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>субъективное когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>легкое когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>умеренное когнитивное расстройство</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>pre-mild cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>subjective cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>subtle cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>mild cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ebenau JL, Timmers T, Wesselman LMP, Verberk IMW, Verfaillie SCJ, Slot RER, van Harten AC, Teunissen CE, Barkhof F, van den Bosch KA, van Leeuwenstijn M, Tomassen J, Braber AD, Visser PJ, Prins ND, Sikkes SAM, Scheltens P, van Berckel BNM, van der Flier WM. 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