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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-5-6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-диагностические особенности аутоиммунных энцефалитов в педиатрической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Pediatric Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-8143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалькевич</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalkevich</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leoshal@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6657-7434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сташков</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stashkov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artqwe_stash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Medical University<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Минский городской центр медицинской реабилитации детей с психоневрологическими заболеваниями<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Minsk city center for medical rehabilitation of children with psychoneurological diseases<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шалькевич Л.В., Сташков А.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шалькевич Л.В., Сташков А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalkevich L.V., Stashkov A.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/754">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/754</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Аутоиммунные энцефалиты (АЭ) — группа иммуноопосредованных заболеваний, в основе которых лежит аутоконфликт с клетками центральной нервной системы, обусловленный паранеопластическим, постинфекционным, ятрогенным или идиопатическим процессами. Клинические проявления представлены соматическими, неврологическими, психиатрическими нарушениями. В основе постановки диагноза лежат клинические и лабораторно-инструментальные методы: закономерность формирования клинической картины, лабораторные тесты — определение аутоантител (АТ), нейровизуализация. Подходы к лечению варьируются в зависимости от вида АЭ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: изучить данные научных публикаций с последующим структурированием информации и предоставить клинико-диагностические характеристики для проведения дифференциальной диагностики АЭ. Методы. Проанализированы 35 научных публикаций в базе данных MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY: рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, системные обзоры, клинические наблюдения с 2001 по 2025 год.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По итогам анализа представлена информация: возраст дебюта; клинические проявления каждого вида АЭ, данные лабораторных (определение антител) и инструментальных исследований (электроэнцефалограмма, нейровизуализация), связь с онкопроцессами, терапия, прогноз.</p><p>При подозрении на АЭ необходимы анализ цереброспинальной жидкости на АТ, магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга, таргетная терапия (использование препаратов первой линии) с дальнейшей оценкой результатов. Немаловажным аспектом является посттерапевтическое сопровождение с дальнейшим исключением паранеопластического синдрома на протяжении 5 лет при подозрении на идиопатический АЭ. Заключение. В детской практике течение АЭ имеет ряд клинико-диагностических особенностей: в большинстве случаев энцефалит сопровождается судорожным синдромом; характерна изменчивая нейровизуализационная картина; терапия во всех случаях начинается с глюкокортикостероидов, внутривенного иммуноглобулина с добавлением плазмафереза; при отсутствии положительной динамики — переход к цитостатическим и/или противоопухолевым препаратам; при большинстве видов АЭ педиатрические пациенты имеют благоприятный прогноз и высокие показатели выживаемости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Justification</title><p>Justification. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a group of immune-mediated diseases based on autoconfl ict to cells of the central nervous system caused by paraneoplastic, postinfectious, iatrogenic or idiopathic processes. Clinical manifestations are represented by general systemic, neurological, psychiatric symptom complexes. The diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods: regularity of clinical picture formation, laboratory tests (autoantibody determination), use of neuroimaging methods. Treatment approaches have common medication steps, which vary depending on the type of AE.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the work</title><p>Purpose of the work. To study the data of scientifi c publications with subsequent structuring of information and to provide clinical and diagnostic characteristics of diff erential diagnosis of AE.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. We have analyzed 35 scientifi c publications in MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY database: clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, clinical cases from 2001 to 2025.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of the analysis provide information on AEs: age of debut; clinical manifestations of each type, which occur in pediatrics; features of laboratory (antibody detection) and instrumental (electroencephalogram, neuroimaging) diagnosis; association with cancer processes; therapy and prognosis.</p><p>Pediatric patients with suspected AE should undergo the diagnostic minimum (cerebrospinal puncture for autoantibody determination, magnetic resonance examination of the brain), target therapy (use of fi rst-line drugs) with further evaluation of the results (ex juvantibus therapy if necessary). Post-therapeutic follow-up with further exclusion of paraneoplastic syndrome for 5 years (if idiopathic AE is suspected) is also an important aspect.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In pediatric practice, the course of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) has several clinical and diagnostic features: in most cases, encephalitis is accompanied by a seizure syndrome; the neuroimaging pattern is variable; therapy in all cases begins with glucocorticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin with the addition of plasmapheresis; in the absence of positive dynamics, there is a transition to cytostatic and/or antitumor drugs; pediatric patients have a favorable prognosis and high survival rates in most types of AE.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоиммунный энцефалит</kwd><kwd>паранеопластический синдром</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>аутоантигены</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>аutoimmune encephalitis</kwd><kwd>paraneoplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>autoantigens</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шалькевич Л.В., Сташков А.К. 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