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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-2-13-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерные различия при доумеренном когнитивном снижении у пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender differences in pre-mild cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-4764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коберская</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koberskaya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koberskaya_n_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-5645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхно</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakhno</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Russian Gerontological Research and Clinical Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коберская Н.Н., Яхно Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коберская Н.Н., Яхно Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koberskaya N.N., Yakhno N.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/681">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/681</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Анализ нейропсихологических характеристик пациентов разного пола с доумеренным когнитивным снижением (ДУКС), включающим субъективное и легкое когнитивное снижение.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 388 пациенток с ДУКС (средний возраст 64,75 ± 8,71 лет) и 159 пациентов (средний возраст 65,52 ± 9,41 лет). Проведено клинико-психологическое исследование с использованием скрининговых шкал — Краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)), шкалы оценки лобной дисфункции (Frontal assessment battery (FAB)), и тестов на оценку памяти — тест 12 слов с оценкой непосредственного и отсроченного воспроизведения, скорости психических процессов — тесты на литеральные и категориальные ассоциации, теста последовательного соединения цифр (Trail-making test, part A), оценку номинативной функции речи по Бостонскому тесту называния, внимания — теста повторения цифр в прямом и обратном порядке, зрительно-пространственных функций — теста рисования часов и управляющих функций — теста последовательного соединения цифр и букв (Trail-making test, part В). Эмоциональное состояние пациентов исследовалось с применением шкалы депрессии Бэка, шкалы тревожности Спилбергера и нейропсихиатрического опросника (НПО) (The Neuropsychiatric Inventory — Questionnaire).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди пациентов с ДУКС женщины отличались от мужчин лучшими показателями скорости психических процессов, управляющих функций и слухоречевой памяти. Также у женщин отмечались более высокие значения шкалы депрессии Бэка, показатели депрессии и тревоги по НПО. У мужчин были выше показатели возбуждения и расторможенности по данным НПО. У мужчин с высшим образованием имелись более высокие показатели управляющих функций, речевых и зрительно-пространственных функций по сравнению с мужчинами со средним образованием. Женщины с более высоким уровнем образования отличались лучшими показателями памяти, зрительно-пространственных функций и управляющих функций от женщин с более низким уровнем образования. При сравнении мужчин и женщин со средним школьным образованием достоверные различия по нейропсихологическим показателям были выявлены только в отношении теста на память 12 слов при непосредственном воспроизведении в пользу женщин. При сравнении показателей мужчин и женщин с высшим образованием было выявлено, что женщины отличались от мужчин лучшими показателями по беглости речи, более высоким баллом по скрининговым шкалам — краткой шкале оценки психического статуса и шкале оценке лобной дисфункции, лучшими скоростью психических процессов, слухоречевой памятью. У мужчин отмечались более высокие показатели расторможенности, а у женщин тревоги и раздражительности по данным НПО. Мужчины, и женщины без эмоциональных расстройств с ДУКС отличались лучшими показателями управляющих функций.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сравнительный анализ когнитивных характеристик в разных гендерных группах пациентов с ДУКС выявил различия, касающиеся выполнения тестов, оценивающих управляющие функции, скорость когнитивных процессов и память с лучшими показателями у женщин. Большая представленность женщин с ДУКС может быть обусловлена их большей обращаемостью за медицинской помощью, обусловленной более выраженными тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами. Уровень образования влияет на степень когнитивного снижения в большей степени у женщин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. Analysis of neuropsychological characteristics of patients of different sexes with pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD), including subjective and subtle cognitive decline.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 388 female patients with PMCD (mean age 64.75 ± 8.71 years) and 159 male patients (mean age 65.52 ± 9.41 years). A clinical psychological study was conducted using quantitative scales — the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and memory tests — a 12 word test with immediate and delayed recall, mental process speed — a study of literal and categorical associations, a trail making test (parts A), an assessment of the nominative function of speech using the Boston Naming Test, attention — a forward and backward digit repetition test, visual-spatial functions — a clock drawing test, and execu- tive functions — a trail making test (parts B). The emotional state of patients was examined using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger Anxiety Scale, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among patients with PMCD, women differed from men in better indicators of the speed of production pro- cesses, function management, and auditory-verbal memory. Women also had higher values of Beck Depression Inventory, depression indicators, and noise level according to the NPI. Men had higher indicators of arousal and disinhibition according to the NPI. Men with higher education had higher indicators of executive functions, speech, and visual-spatial functions compared to men with a high level of education. Women with a higher level of education diff ered in better indicators of memory, visual-spatial functions, and executive functions than women with a lower level of education. When examining men and women with secondary school education, some deviations in neuropsychological indicators were found only in relation to the 12 word memory test with direct reproduction with the help of women. When measuring the indicators of men and women with higher education, it was found that women diff ered from men in better indicators of speech speed, higher scores on screening scales — a brief scale for assessing the mental factor and a scale for assessing frontal dysfunction, better speed of mental processes, auditory-verbal memory. Men showed higher indicators of inhibition, and women also showed higher indicators of irritability according to the NPI data. Men and women without emotional disorders with PMCD had better indicators of executive functions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Comparative analysis of cognitive characteristics in different gender groups with PMCD revealed differences in the performance of tests assessing executive functions, speed of cognitive processes and memory, with better results in women. Our study showed that the level of education affects the degree of cognitive decline and to a greater extent in women.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>гендерные различия</kwd><kwd>доумеренное когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>субъективное когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>легкое когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>gender differences</kwd><kwd>pre-mild cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>subjective cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>subtle cognitive decline</kwd><kwd>cognitive functions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Podcasy JL, Epperson CN. Considering sex and gender in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. 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