r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-1-51-62r-n-j-666Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTUREТравма нерва: роль элек-тронейромиографии и ультразвукового исследования в диагностикеNerve injury: the role of electroneuromyography and ultrasound in diagnosticshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-4403КлимкинА. В.KlimkinA. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

klinkinpark@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-5300ИриковаМ. А.IrikovaM. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

dr.bedova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-7402ВойтенковВ. Б.VoitenkovV. B.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

vlad203@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-4750СкрипченкоЕ. Ю.SkripchenkoE. Yu.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

wwave@yandex.ruФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства»РоссияFederal Scientific and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological AgencyRussian Federation2025100520253015162Copyright © Климкин А.В., Ирикова М.А., Войтенков В.Б., Скрипченко Е.Ю., 20252025Климкин А.В., Ирикова М.А., Войтенков В.Б., Скрипченко Е.Ю.Klimkin A.V., Irikova M.A., Voitenkov V.B., Skripchenko E.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/666

Обзор посвящен классификации, механизмам восстановления, электронейромиографической и ультразвуковой диагностике травмы нерва. В частности параметрам сенсорного и моторного проведения, игольчатой электромиографии, ультразвуковому исследованию степени повреждения нерва, прогнозированию восстановления функции нерва и тактике лечения травмы нерва. Механизмы восстановления функции мышцы при травме нерва могут включать ремиелинизацию, аксональный спраутинг, рост аксонов с места повреждения и мышечную гипертрофию. Восстановление силы мышцы обычно занимает 18–24 месяца после травмы нерва. При диагностике травмы нерва по типу невротмезиса следует сразу направлять пациента для оперативного лечения и скорейшей реиннервации мышцы.

The review is devoted to the classification, recovery mechanisms, electroneuromyographic and ultrasound diagnostics of nerve injury. In particular, the article is devoted to the parameters of sensory and motor conduction, needle electromyography, ultrasound examination of the degree of nerve damage, prognosis of restoration of nerve function and tactics of treatment of nerve injury. The mechanisms of muscle function recovery in case of nerve injury may include remyelination, axonal sprouting, axon growth from the site of injury and muscle hypertrophy. Muscle strength recovery usually takes 18–24 months after nerve injury. When diagnosing a nerve injury by the neurotmesis type, the patient should be immediately referred to a surgeon for surgery and rapid muscle reinnervation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.