r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2025-30-1-46-50r-n-j-665Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯCLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTSВзаимосвязь развития когнитивных расстройств и полиневропатии на фоне химиотерапииThe relationship between the development of cognitive disorders and polyneuropathy on the background of chemotherapyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8380БаландинА. А.BalandinA. A.

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Perm

balandinnauka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-1292-6019ОвчинниковаЕ. А.OvchinnikovaE. A.

Пермь

Perm

katerinerowe@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-9066БаландинаИ. А.BalandinaI. A.

Пермь

Perm

balandina_ia@mail.ruПермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. ВагнераРоссияE.A.Vagner Perm State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025100520253014650Copyright © Баландин А.А., Овчинникова Е.А., Баландина И.А., 20252025Баландин А.А., Овчинникова Е.А., Баландина И.А.Balandin A.A., Ovchinnikova E.A., Balandina I.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/665

Введение. Химиотерапия — один из ключевых методов лечения в онкологии. Цитостатики не обладают избирательной активностью к клеткам опухолей и оказывают токсическое влияние на здоровые ткани. Негативным побочным действием цитостатиков являются поражения нервной ткани. Наиболее распространенные –постхимиотерапевтическая полиневропатия и когнитивные нарушения.Цель работы: проанализировать взаимоотношение развития когнитивных расстройств и полиневропатии у онкологических пациентов на фоне химиотерапии.Материал и методы. Работа проведена в отделении химиотерапии и основана на результатах обследования 60 пациенток со злокачественным новообразованием молочной железы. В исследование вошли женщины в возрасте от 32 до 58 лет, в анамнезе которых отсутствовали иные заболевания и состояния, способные провоцировать расстройства периферической и центральной нервной системы. Пациентки были разделены на 2 группы: прошедшие менее 10 курсов химиотерапии и более 10 курсов химиотерапии. Для оценки выраженности симптомов полиневропатии использовали шкалу Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS). Оценку когнитивных функций проводили с помощью шкал Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).Результаты. По шкале NSS между двумя группами имелись статистически достоверные различия (p < 0,05). По шкале MMSE статистически достоверных различий между первой и второй группами не выявлено. Получена положительная корреляция между дебютом полиневропатии и когнитивными расстройствами (ρ = 0,8975).Заключение. Химиотерапевтические препараты оказывают системное воздействие на нервную ткань, и чем раньше они повреждают периферическую нервную систему, т.е. чем раньше возникает полиневропатия, тем скорее проявляется поражение центральной нервной системы (энцефалопатия).

Introduction. Chemotherapy is one of the key methods of treatment in oncology. Cytostatics do not have selective activity to tumor cells and have a toxic effect on healthy tissues. A negative side effect of cytostatics is damage to the nervous tissue. The most common are post–chemotherapeutic polyneuropathy and cognitive impairment.Aim. To analyze the relationship between the development of cognitive disorders in cancer patients and the occurrence of polyneuropathy.Material and methods. The work was carried out in the chemotherapy department and is based on the results of examination of 60 patients with malignant neoplasm of the breast. The study included women aged 32 to 58 years, in whose anamnesis there were no other diseases and conditions capable of provoking disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who had undergone less than 10 courses of chemotherapy and more than 10 courses of chemotherapy. The Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) scale was used to assess the severity of polyneuropathy symptoms. The severity of cognitive disorders was assessed using the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale.Results. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups on the NSS scale (p < 0.05). According to the MMSE scale, there were no statistically significant differences between the first and second groups. A positive correlation was found between the onset of polyneuropathy and cognitive disorders (p = 0.8975).Conclusions. Chemotherapeutic drugs have a systemic effect on nervous tissue and the earlier they damage peripheral nervous tissue, that is, the earlier polyneuropathy occurs, the sooner damage to the central nervous system (encephalopathy) manifests itself.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.