r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2024-29-6-56-63r-n-j-639Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯCLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTSЛобный вариант болезни АльцгеймераFrontal variant of Аlzheimer's diseasehttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-9148-0203НевзороваК. В.NevzorovaK. V.

Москва

Moscow

nevzorova.k.v@neurology.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-583XШпилюковаЮ. А.ShpilyukovaYu. A.

Москва

Moscow

jshpilyukova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-1159АбрамычеваН. Ю.AbramychevaN. Yu.

Москва

Moscow

nataabr@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-7775ШабалинаА. А.ShabalinaA. A.

Москва

Moscow

shabalina@neurology.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-7644ФедотоваЕ. Ю.FedotovaE. Yu.

Москва

Moscow

ekfedotova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282ИллариошкинС. Н.IllarioshkinS. N.

Москва

Moscow

snillario@gmail.comНаучный центр неврологииРоссияResearch Center of NeurologyRussian Federation2024310120252965663Copyright © Невзорова К.В., Шпилюкова Ю.А., Абрамычева Н.Ю., Шабалина А.А., Федотова Е.Ю., Иллариошкин С.Н., 20252025Невзорова К.В., Шпилюкова Ю.А., Абрамычева Н.Ю., Шабалина А.А., Федотова Е.Ю., Иллариошкин С.Н.Nevzorova K.V., Shpilyukova Y.A., Abramycheva N.Y., Shabalina A.A., Fedotova E.Y., Illarioshkin S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/639

Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) — хроническое нейродегенеративное заболевание, являющееся наиболее распространенной причиной деменции. Дебют в пожилом возрасте, как правило, ассоциирован с классической картиной дефекта кратковременной памяти, тогда как пациенты с ранним началом болезни могут демонстрировать атипичные симптомы болезни. Лобный вариант является самым редким неамнестическим фенотипом БА, связанным с селективной нейродегенерацией в сетях лобного контроля, который подтверждается наличием биомаркеров амилоидной патологии. Клиническая картина при данной форме БА имеет большое разнообразие симптомов, включая расторможенность, апатию, компульсивное поведение и нарушение управляющих функций, что часто приводит к трудностям в дифференциальной диагностике с поведенческим вариантом лобно-височной деменции и, как следствие, недооцененности ее распространенности. В статье приводится краткий обзор современной литературы и описание двух клинических случаев лобного варианта БА, подтвержденных исследованием ликворных биомаркеров.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, that is the most common cause of dementia. Late on-set AD is usually associated with the classic picture of short-term memory deficits, while early onset AD demonstrates atypical symptoms. The frontal variant is the rarest non-amnestic AD phenotype, which associated with selective neurodegeneration in frontal control networks, which is confirmed by the presence of biomarkers of amyloid pathology. The clinical picture includes a wide variety of symptoms, including disinhibition, apathy, compulsive behavior and executive dysfunction, which often leads to difficulties in making a differential diagnosis with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia) and, as a result, underestimation of the true prevalence of AD. The article provides a brief review of modern literature and a description of two clinical cases of the frontal variant of AD, confirmed by the study of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.