r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-1-4-12r-n-j-49Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМетаболом головного мозгаMetabolome of the Brainhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8595-6666ДрягинаН. В.DryaginaN. V.

Дрягина Наталья Владимировна — заведующая клинико-диагностической лаборатории с экспресс-группой, старший научный сотрудник группы по изучению «малого сознания», кандидат медицинских наук.

Санкт-Петербург

Natalia Dryagina — head of clinical diagnostic laboratory with express group, senior researcher at the «minimally conscious state» study group.

St. Petersburg

nvdryagina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-6543КондратьеваЕ. А.KondratyevaE. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-5327ДубровскийЯ. А.DubrovskiiYa. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-2208КондратьевА. Н.KondratyevA. N.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

РНХИ им. проф. А.Л. Поленова — филиал ФГБУ НМИЦ им. В.А. АлмазоваРоссияRNSI n.a. A.L. Polenov at Almazov National Medical Research CentreRussian FederationФГБУ НМИЦ им. В.А. АлмазоваРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CentreRussian Federation202016042020251412Copyright © Дрягина Н.В., Кондратьева Е.А., Дубровский Я.А., Кондратьев А.Н., 20202020Дрягина Н.В., Кондратьева Е.А., Дубровский Я.А., Кондратьев А.Н.Dryagina N.V., Kondratyeva E.A., Dubrovskii Y.A., Kondratyev A.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/49

Метаболом представляет собой полный набор малых молекул в организме: пептиды, липиды, аминокислоты, нуклеиновые кислоты, углеводы, биогенные амины, витамины, минералы, а также любые химические соединения, с которыми человек контактирует, включая пищевые добавки, лекарства, косметические средства, токсины. Метаболомика — это комплексное изучение всех метаболитов, присутствующих в биологической системе. Эта наука стала реальностью благодаря развитию двух современных технологических платформ: масс-спектрометрии по уникальному для каждого метаболита соотношению массы и заряда, позволяющей идентифицировать тысячи соединений в одном образце, и спектроскопии ядерного магнитного резонанса, дающей возможность определять метаболиты в спектральных массивах посредством сдвига их сигнала относительно эталонного сигнала.

В обзоре даны понятия метаболомики и метаболома, представлены методы исследования и интерпретации данных, рассмотрены основные применения метаболомики в области диагностики заболеваний ЦНС, поиска прогностических маркеров и новых терапевтических мишеней, описан метаболический состав спинномозговой жидкости в норме и его изменения при патологии.

A metabolome is a set of small molecules in the body: peptides, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, biogenic amines, vitamins, minerals, as well as any chemical compounds that a person comes into contact with, including nutritional supplements, medicines, cosmetics, toxins. Metabolomics is a study of all the metabolites present in the biological system. This science has become a reality due to the development of two modern technological platforms: mass spectrometry, the unique mass-charge ratio for each metabolite that identifies thousands of compounds in one sample, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which makes it possible to determine metabolites in spectral arrays by shifting their signal relative to reference signal. The concepts of metabolomics and metabolome are given in the review, the methods of research and data interpretation are presented, the main applications of metabolomics in the field of diagnosis of central nervous system diseases. The search for prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets, the metabolic composition of cerebrospinal fluid in the normal state and its changes in pathology are described.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.