r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2023-28-5-5-13r-n-j-477Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСлезная жидкость как источник биомаркеров нейродегенеративных процессов в центральной нервной системеTear fluid as a source of biomarkers for the neurodegeneration in central nervous systemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-8005ЧесноковаН. Б.ChesnokovaN. B.

Чеснокова Наталья Борисовна

Москва.

Natalya B. Chesnokova

Moscow.

nchesnokova2012@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-4248ПавленкоЕ. А.PavlenkoT. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

tanya1975_@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7557-4955БезносО. В.BeznosO. V.

Москва.

Moscow.

olval2011@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-5560НодельМ. Р.NodelM. R.

Москва.

Moscow.

nodell_m@yahoo.comНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней имени ГельмгольцаРоссияHelmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye DiseasesRussian FederationПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202324112023285513Copyright © Чеснокова Н.Б., Павленко Е.А., Безнос О.В., Нодель М.Р., 20232023Чеснокова Н.Б., Павленко Е.А., Безнос О.В., Нодель М.Р.Chesnokova N.B., Pavlenko T.A., Beznos O.V., Nodel M.R.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/477

Состав слезной жидкости изменяется не только при заболеваниях глаз, но и при системных патологических процессах, в том числе в центральной нервной системе (ЦНС), что связано с разнообразием регуляторных влияний на продукцию слезы и вовлечением ЦНС в этот процесс. Представлены сведения об источниках метаболитов, поступающих в слезную жидкость, о механизмах регуляции состава слезы и об изменении его при болезни Паркинсона, болезни Альцгеймера, рассеянном склерозе, боковом амиотрофическом склерозе. В слезной жидкости при этих заболеваниях происходят характерные изменения различных биорегуляторов белкового происхождения (цитокинов, факторов роста, синуклеинов и др.), а также катехоламинов. Они коррелируют с изменениями, происходящими в цереброспинальной жидкости, которые не всегда выявляются в крови, а также могут обнаруживаться еще до клинических проявлений болезни. Исследование состава слезы при нейродегенеративных процессах представляется перспективным неинвазивным методом раннего прогноза, мониторинга патологического процесса в ЦНС, а также контроля лечения, что важно для персонализированной терапии. В обзоре представлены данные литературы последних лет, а также результаты собственных исследований.

Composition of tear fluid alter not only in ocular diseases but in systemic pathologic processes including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. It is due to the variety of regulatory pathways for the tear production with active participation of CNS. The review represent data about mechanisms of tear production regulation, sources of metabolites present in tears, alterations of tear fluid composition in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by typical alteration of concentrations of different protein bioregulators (cytokines, growth factors, synucleins, etc.) and catecholamines. These alterations often correlate with ones in cerebrospinal fluid appearing even before the clinical manifestation of the disease. Thus tear fluid analyses is a promising non-invasive method for the early diagnostic, prognosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, and also for the personalized therapy. We tried to represent the most recent data because interest to this problem has increased during the last years, and our own data also.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.