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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2023-28-2-53-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние нелекарственных методов на когнитивные и эмоционально-аффективные расстройства пациентов с сосудистыми умеренными когнитивными нарушениями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of nondrug methods on cognitive and emotional-affective disorders in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-6366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новикова Мария Сергеевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya S. Novikova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nov5656@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-3264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова М.С., Захаров В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова М.С., Захаров В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova M.S., Zakharov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/414">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/414</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эмоционально-аффективные расстройства часто сопровождают сосудистые когнитивные нарушения (КН). В настоящее время недостаточно данных о влиянии немедикаментозного лечения когнитивных расстройств на эмоциональную сферу.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить влияние нелекарственных методик лечения КН (планирования питания, физических упражнений, когнитивного тренинга) на тревогу и депрессию у пациентов с умеренными КН (УКН) сосудистой этиологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследовании участвовало 60 пациентов (26 мужчин, 34 женщины) в возрасте от 45 до 88 лет (средний возраст 63,9 ± 9,7 года) с умеренными КН сосудистой этиологии. 30 пациентов — группа исследования (18 женщин, 12 мужчин, средний возраст — 63,7 ± 8,8 года, результат по Монреальской шкале оценки когнитивных функций (MoCA) 22,5 ± 2,4 балла) — получали комплекс нелекарственных методик в течение 1 мес., включая когнитивный тренинг, детальные рекомендации по физической активности и планированию питания. Пациентов группы сравнения (n = 30, 16 женщин, 14 мужчин, средний возраст — 64,2 ± 10,7 года, результат по MoCA — 21,7 ± 2,4 балла) лечащий врач однократно информировал о целесообразности активного в физическом и когнитивном отношении образа жизни и основных принципах диеты, однако систематических занятий с ними не проводилось. Оценка степени тревоги и депрессии была проведена на этапе включения в исследование, через 1 мес., через 6 мес. и через 1 год после начала наблюдения с использованием шкалы депрессии Бека, шкалы тревожности Спилбергера–Ханина.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Через 1 мес. после начала исследования, наряду с достоверным (p &lt; 0,05) улучшением когнитивных функций по шкале MoCA, в группе исследования было отмечено достоверное снижение выраженности тревоги (p &lt; 0,05). У пациентов с легкой и умеренной депрессией (n = 13) через 1 мес. использования немедикаментозных методик был зафиксирован достоверный (p &lt; 0,05) регресс выраженности депрессии. Однако, в процессе долговременного наблюдения (1 год) различия с исходным визитом по указанным показателям теряли статистическую значимость. В контрольной группе через 1 мес. после начала исследования достоверных отличий по MoCA-тесту не было получено (p &gt; 0,05), в то время как показатели тревоги, депрессии ухудшались на протяжении всего времени наблюдения. Группа исследования достоверно (р &lt; 0,05) превосходила контрольную группу по МоСА-тесту сразу после лечения и через 6 мес., а по показателям тревоги достоверные различия наблюдались только сразу после лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комплекс нелекарственных методов эффективен в лечении сосудистых УКН и позволяет снизить тревожность у пациентов. У пациентов с легкой и умеренной депрессией отмечено также снижение выраженности депрессивной симптоматики. Однако эффект месячного курса был нестойким.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Emotional-affective disorders often accompany vascular cognitive impairment. Currently, there is insufficient data on the impact of non-drug treatment of cognitive impairment on the emotional sphere.</p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of non-drug methods (meal planning, exercise, cognitive training) on anxiety and depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment of vascular etiology.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 60 patients aged 45 to 88 years (mean age 63.9 ± 9.7, 26 males and 34 females) with mild cognitive impairment of vascular etiology. 30 patients (study group, 18 women, 12 men, mean age 63.7 ± 8.8 years, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 22.5 ± 2.4) received a set of non-drug methods for 1 month, including cognitive training, detailed recommendations on physical activity and meal planning. Patients in the control group (n = 30, 16 women, 14 men, mean age — 64.2 ± 10.7 years, MoCA score — 21.7 ± 2.4 points) were once informed by the attending physician about the expediency of a physically and cognitively active lifestyle and the basic principles diets, however, systematic training with them was not carried out. Anxiety and depression were assessed at the stage of inclusion in the study, after 1 month, after 6 months, and one year after the start of observation using the Beck Depression Scale, the Spielberger–Khanin Anxiety Scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 1 month after the start of the study, along with a significant (p &lt; 0.05) improvement in cognitive functions according MoCA, a significant decrease in the severity of anxiety was noted in the study group (p &lt; 0.05). In patients with mild and moderate depression (n = 13), a significant (p &lt; 0.05) regression in the severity of depression was recorded after a month of using non-drug methods. However, in the process of long-term follow-up (1 year), the differences with the initial visit for these indicators lost statistical significance. In the control group, a month after the start of the study, there were no significant differences in the MoCA test (p &gt; 0.05), while the indicators of anxiety and depression worsened throughout the entire observation period. The study group significantly (p &lt; 0.05) outperformed the control group in the MoCA test immediately after treatment and after 6 months. Differences of anxiety level were significant only immediately after treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A complex of non-drug methods is effective in the treatment of vascular MCI and reduces anxiety in patients. In patients with mild and moderate depression decrease of depression symptoms was observed also. However the effect of the monthly course was not stable.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>умеренные когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>когнитивный тренинг</kwd><kwd>физические упражнения</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>cognitive training</kwd><kwd>exercise</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teng E, Tassniyom K, Lu PH. Reduced quality-of-life ratings in mild cognitive impairment: analyses of subject and informant responses. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;20(12):1016–1025. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31826ce640</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teng E, Tassniyom K, Lu PH. 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