r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2023-28-1-67-72r-n-j-398Research ArticleЛЕКЦИЯLECTUREКомплексный подход к паллиативной медицинской помощи при неврологической патологииA comprehensive approach to palliative care in neurological pathologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3285ОрловаН. В.OrlovaN. V.

Москва

Moscow

vrach315@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-2695СоловьеваЭ. Ю.SoloviovaE. Y.

Москва

Moscow

ellasolovieva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-4995БонкалоТ. И.BonkaloT. I.

Москва

Moscow

bonkalotatyanaivanovna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-194XШмелеваС. В.ShmelevaS. V.

Москва

Moscow

89151479832@mail.ruСоловьеваМ. В.SoloviovaM. V.

Москва

Moscow

solomar62@mail.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияResearch Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of HealthRussian FederationМосковский университет технологий и управления имени К.Г. РазумовскогоРоссияMoscow University of Technology and Management named after K.G. RazumovskyRussian Federation2023160320232816772Copyright © Орлова Н.В., Соловьева Э.Ю., Бонкало Т.И., Шмелева С.В., Соловьева М.В., 20232023Орлова Н.В., Соловьева Э.Ю., Бонкало Т.И., Шмелева С.В., Соловьева М.В.Orlova N.V., Soloviova E.Y., Bonkalo T.I., Shmeleva S.V., Soloviova M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/398

Паллиативная медицинская помощь (ПМП) неврологическим больным — это подход к уходу за пациентами и помощь их семьям, сталкивающимся с хроническими, прогрессирующими, ограничивающими жизнь и инвалидизирующими состояниями. Особенность ПМП в неврологии обусловлена значительной продолжительностью поздних стадий многих неврологических заболеваний и отличительными чертами некоторых заболеваний (когнитивные расстройства, психические расстройства, нарушение речи, нарушение функции тазовых органов, парезы, судороги, развитие контрактур и т.д.), а также наличием сопутствующих общих симптомов (нарушение питания, дисфагия, боль, пролежни, дыхательная недостаточность и др.). В статье обсуждается ПМП при некоторых неврологических заболеваниях. Описаны симптомы, развивающиеся в далеко зашедших стадиях, требующие паллиативной помощи, медикаментозные и немедикаментозные методы лечения, рассмотрены мероприятия, направленные на улучшение качества жизни и профилактику осложнений.

Palliative care for neurological patients is an approach to patient care and assistance to their families facing chronic, progressive, life-limiting and disabling conditions. The peculiarity of palliative care in neurology is due to the signifi cant duration of the late stages of many neurological diseases and the distinctive features of some diseases (cognitive disorders, mental disorders, speech disorders, pelvic organ dysfunction, paresis, convulsions, contracture development, etc.), as well as the presence of concomitant common symptoms (eating disorders, pain, bedsores, respiratory failure, etc.). The symptoms developing in the advanced stages of neurological diseases requiring palliative care are described. Drug and non-drug methods of treatment are described, measures aimed at improving the quality of life and preventing complications are considered. The features of pharmacotherapy, taking into account their interaction with drugs for the treatment of concomitant pathology, are considered.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.