<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-79472023-28-1-47-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профилактика ишемического инсульта у больных с патологической извитостью внутренней сонной артерии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-7369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавриленко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-839X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кочетков Василий Андреевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kochetkov Vasily A.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilyxo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-0304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuklin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-2639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramyan</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-1099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Юсеф</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Yousef</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-4402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхин</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakhin</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б.В. Петровского»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State University “Russian Scientifi c Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky”; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б.В. Петровского»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State University “Russian Scientifi c Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гавриленко А.В., Кочетков В.А., Куклин А.В., Абрамян А.В., Аль-Юсеф Н.Н., Попов С.О., Яхин Р.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко А.В., Кочетков В.А., Куклин А.В., Абрамян А.В., Аль-Юсеф Н.Н., Попов С.О., Яхин Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko A.V., Kochetkov V.A., Kuklin A.V., Abramyan A.V., Al-Yousef N.N., Popov S.O., Yakhin R.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/395">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/395</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодняшний день не проведено ни одного многоцентрового рандомизированного клинического исследования эффективности и безопасности хирургического лечения пациентов с патологической извитостью (ПИ) внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА).</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить эффективность и безопасность хирургического лечения больных с ПИ ВСА на основе длительного наблюдения пациентов после операции</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 115 пациентов (38 (33%) мужчин и 77 (67%) женщин) с ПИ ВСА в возрасте от 35 до 72 лет (средний возраст 54,2 ± 7,5 года). 9 пациентов были бессимптомные, 27 пациентов перенесли транзиторную ишемическую атаку (ТИА), 50 пациентов имели признаки хронического цереброваскулярного заболевания (ЦВЗ), 29 пациентов перенесли ишемический инсульт (ИИ). Резекция ВСА с низведением устья (группа I) выполнена 61 (53%) пациенту, и 54 (47%) больным проводено протезирование ВСА (группа II). Пациенты наблюдались в течение 5 лет после проведения операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В качестве операционных осложнений у одного пациента отмечена ТИА, у 5 пациентов преходящие поражения черепных нервов. В течение 5 лет наблюдения ни у одного из пациентов не отмечено развития ТИА, ИИ или других сосудистых событий. В раннем операционном периоде не отмечено существенных различий по эффективности между группами пациентов. В отдаленном периоде (через 5 лет после операции) отмечена более высокая частота бессимптомных пациентов в I группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Резекция и протезирование ПИ ВСА являются безопасным и эффективным методом хирургического лечения. Необходимо многоцентровое рандомизированное исследование по оценке эффективности хирургического лечения ПИ ВСА в сравнении с консервативным ведением пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>No multicenter randomized clinical trial has been conducted worldwide to date on indications, types of surgery and their comparison with conservative treatment in patients with PI BSA.</p><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: of the study is to improve the results of surgical treatment in patients with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Тhe study included 115 patients (38 (33%) men and 77 (67%) women) with PI ICA aged 35 to 72 years (average age 54.2 ± 7.5 years) divided into 2 groups. 61 patients (53%) of group I underwent BSA resection with lower mouth and 54 patients (47%) of group II underwent BSA prosthetics. Depending on the degree of neurological disorders, patients were distributed according to the classifi cation of A.V. Pokrovsky.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In patients with СМН1, the clinical eff ect was due to the absence of cerebrospinal and focal neurological symptoms. As a result of surgical treatment of PI BSA in group I, a clinical eff ect was achieved in 54 (89%) patients. In group II, regression of clinical-neurological symptoms was observed in 40 (74%) patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Resection and prosthetics of BSA PI in order to stop neurological symptoms and prevent ischemic stroke in patients with this pathology is a safe and eff ective method of surgical treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>патологическая извитость внутренней сонной артерии</kwd><kwd>хроническое цереброваскулярное заболевание</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение больных с патологической извитостью сонных артерий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pathological crimping of internal carotid artery</kwd><kwd>cerebral insuffi  ciency</kwd><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment of patients with pathological tortuosity carotid artery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов С.К. Изменения органа зрения при патологической извитости и стенозирующем атеросклерозе сонных артерий. Вестник офтальмологии. 2010;5:58–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov S.K. Changes in the organ of vision in pathological tortuosity and atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid arteries. Vestnik oftalmologii. 2010;5:58–62. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Станкевич Ю.А., Богомякова О.Б., Шрайбман Л.А., Тулупов А.А. Магнитно-резонансные критерии гемодинамической значимости патологической извитости внутренних сонных артерий. Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: биология, клиническая медицина. 2015;13(4):40–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stankevich Y.A., Bogomyakova O.B., Shraibman L.A., Tulupov A.A. MR-criteria the hemodynamic signifi cance of pathologic deformation of internal carotid arteries. Vestnik novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: biologiya, klinicheskaya meditsina. 2015;13(4):40–46. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali F. AbuRahma, Dennis F. Bandyč. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to Therapy. London: Springer Science &amp; Business Media; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali F. AbuRahma, Dennis F. Bandyč. Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to Therapy. London: Springer Science &amp; Business Media; 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов Г.И., Ким Э.А., Гизатуллин Ш.Х. Анализ зависимости неврологической симптоматики от локализации и формы патологической деформации магистральных артерий головы. Клиническая неврология. 2013;3:9–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov G.I., Kim E.A., Gizatullin Sh.Kh. Analysis of neurological symptoms depending on the location and shape of abnormal deformation of the main arteries of the head. Klinicheskaya nevrologiya. 2013;3:9–12. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко А.В., Абрамян А.В., Куклин А.В., Омаржанова И.И. Показания к хирургической профилактике сосудисто-мозговой недостаточности у пациентов с патологической извитостью внутренней сонной артерии. Анналы хирургии. 2011;6:16–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko A.V., Abramyan A.V., Kuklin A.V., Omarzhanova I.I. Indications to surgical prevention of cerebrovascular insuffi  ciency in patients with pathologic tortuosity of internal carotid arter. Annals of surgery. 2011;6:16–22. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfeiff er J., Becker С., Ridder G. Aberrant extracranial internal carotid arteries: new insights, implications and demand for a clinical grading system. Head Neck. 2016;38:687–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.24071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfeiff er J., Becker С., Ridder G. Aberrant extracranial internal carotid arteries: new insights, implications and demand for a clinical grading system. Head Neck. 2016;38:687–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.24071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Ю.В., Граф Е.В. Роль патологической извитости внутренних сонных артерий в детской ангионеврологии. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2012;2:99–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova Y.V., Graf E.V. Role of pathological kinking of internal carotid arteries in children’s neuropathology. Modern problem science and education. 2012;2:99–107. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beigelman R., Izaguirre A., Robles M, Grana D, Ambrosio G., Milei J. Are kinking and coiling of carotid artery congenital or acquired? Angiology. 2010;61(1):107–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319709336417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beigelman R., Izaguirre A., Robles M, Grana D, Ambrosio G., Milei J. Are kinking and coiling of carotid artery congenital or acquired? Angiology. 2010;61(1):107–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319709336417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill J.K., Sadiq M., Badar Z., Ezhapilli S. Clinically signifi cant anatomical variation of the retropharyngeal internal carotid arteries. Radiology case reports. 2017;1(5):514–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2017.05.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill J.K., Sadiq M., Badar Z., Ezhapilli S. Clinically signifi cant anatomical variation of the retropharyngeal internal carotid arteries. Radiology case reports. 2017;1(5):514–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2017.05.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saba L., Argiolas G.M., Sumer S., Siotto P., Raz E., Sanfi lippo R., Montisci R., Piga M., Wintermark M. Association between internal carotid artery dissection and arterial tortuosity. Neuroradiology. 2015;57(2):149–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1436-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saba L., Argiolas G.M., Sumer S., Siotto P., Raz E., Sanfi lippo R., Montisci R., Piga M., Wintermark M. Association between internal carotid artery dissection and arterial tortuosity. Neuroradiology. 2015;57(2):149–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1436-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Zhao F., Wang D., Hu Sh., Liu J., Zhou Zh., Lu J., Qi P., Song S. Pressure Drop in Tortuosity/Kinking of the Internal Carotid Artery: Simulation and Clinical Investigation. BioMed Research International. Open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. Accessed October 21, 2017. [Internet] https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/2428970/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L., Zhao F., Wang D., Hu Sh., Liu J., Zhou Zh., Lu J., Qi P., Song S. Pressure Drop in Tortuosity/Kinking of the Internal Carotid Artery: Simulation and Clinical Investigation. BioMed Research International. Open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. Accessed October 21, 2017. [Internet] https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/2428970/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ультразвуковое исследование сердца и сосудов. Под ред. Атькова О.Ю, Балахоновой Т.В., Гороховой С.Г. М.: Эксмо; 2015:456.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkov O.Y., Balakhonova T.V., Gorokhova S.G. Ultrasound of the heart and blood vessels. M.: Eksmo; 2015:456. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каплан М.Л., Бонцевич Д.Н. Влияние формы патологической извитости внутренней сонной артерии на церебральную гемодинамику. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2013;19(3):102–106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan M.L., Bontsevich D.N. Infl uence of the form of pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery on cerebral hemodynamics. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2013;19(3):102–106. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дадашов С.А., Виноградов О.А., Анцупов К.А. Гигантская аневризма как исход патологической извитости внутренней сонной артерии. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2010;47:198–200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dadashov S.A., Vinogradov O.A., Antsupov K.A. Gigantic aneurysm resulting from pathological kinking of the internal carotid artery. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2010;47:198–200. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cvetko E. Concurrence of bilateral kinking of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery with coiling and tortuosity of the external carotid artery — a case report. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology. 2014;50(2):433–435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cvetko E. Concurrence of bilateral kinking of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery with coiling and tortuosity of the external carotid artery — a case report. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology. 2014;50(2):433–435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каплан М.Л. Патологическая извитость сонных артерий: история вопроса, этиология, распространенность, классификация (обзор литературы). Проблемы здоровья и экологии. 2013;1:11–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan M.L. Pathologic tortuosity of carotid arteries: Background, etiology, prevalence, classifi cation (literature review). Health and environmental issues. 2013;1:11–16. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu J., Qu L., Xu B., Wang Sh., Li Ch., Xu X., Yang Y. Current Understanding of Dolichoarteriopathies of the Internal Carotid Artery: A Review. International journal of medical science. 2017;14(8):772–784. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu J., Qu L., Xu B., Wang Sh., Li Ch., Xu X., Yang Y. Current Understanding of Dolichoarteriopathies of the Internal Carotid Artery: A Review. International journal of medical science. 2017;14(8):772–784. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шмырёв В.И., Казанцева И.В. Влияние патологической извитости магистральных артерий головы на мозговой кровоток. Кремлевская медицина. Клинический вестник. 2010;2:50–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shmyrev V.I., Kazantseva I.V. Eff ects of pathological tortuosity of main cerebral arteries at the brain bloodfl ow. Kremlin medicine. Clinical Herald. 2010;2:50–53. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова О.Е., Иванов Д.В., Грамакова А.А. Гемодинамика и механическое поведение бифуркации сонной артерии с патологической извитостью. Известия саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: Математика. Механика. Информатика. 2010;10(2):66–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova O.E., Ivanov D.V., Gramakova A.A. Hemodynamics and Mechanical Behavior of Pathologically Tortuous Carotid Arteries. News of Saratov University. New series. Series: Math. Mechanics. Computer science. 2010;10(2):66–73. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agrawal G., Gupta A., Chaudhary V., Mazhar H., Tiwari S. Rare anatomical variant of the cervical internal carotid artery. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;55(5):530–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.01.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agrawal G., Gupta A., Chaudhary V., Mazhar H., Tiwari S. Rare anatomical variant of the cervical internal carotid artery. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;55(5):530–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.01.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pancera P, Ribul M., Presciuttini B., Lechi A. Prevalence of carotid artery kinking in 590 consecutive subjects evaluated by Echocolordoppler. Is there a correlation with arterial hypertension? Journal of Internal Medicine. 2010;248:7–12. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pancera P, Ribul M., Presciuttini B., Lechi A. Prevalence of carotid artery kinking in 590 consecutive subjects evaluated by Echocolordoppler. Is there a correlation with arterial hypertension? Journal of Internal Medicine. 2010;248:7–12. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Силуянова А.С., Шамшилин А.А., Бармина Т.Г., Леменев В.Л. Реконструктивные операции у больных с сочетанием патологической извитости общей и внутренней сонных артерий. Нейрохиургия. 2015;2:39–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siluyanova A.S., Shamshilin A.A., Barmina T.G., Lemenev V.L. The reconstructive operations at patients with combined tortuosity of common and internal carotid arteries. Neurosurgery. 2015;2:39–44. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poepping T.L., Rankin R.N., Holdsworth D.W. Flow patterns in carotid bifurcation models using pulsed Doppler ultrasound: eff ect of concentric vs. eccentric stenosis on turbulence and recirculation. Ultrasound Med Biology. 2010;36(7):1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.02.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poepping T.L., Rankin R.N., Holdsworth D.W. Flow patterns in carotid bifurcation models using pulsed Doppler ultrasound: eff ect of concentric vs. eccentric stenosis on turbulence and recirculation. Ultrasound Med Biology. 2010;36(7):1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.02.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссович Л.Ю., Морозов К.М., Павлова О.Е. Биомеханика сонной артерии человека с патологической извитостью. Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: Математика. Механика. Информатика. 2013;13(3):76–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossovich L.Y., Morozov K.M., Pavlova O.E. Biomechanics of Human Carotid Artery with Pathological Tortuosity. News of Saratov University. New series. Series: Math. Mechanics. Informatics. 2013;13(3):76–82. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choudhry F.A., Grantham J.T., Rai A.T., Hogg J.P. Vascular geometry of the extracranial carotid arteries: an analysis of length, diameter, and tortuosity. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2016;8(5):536–540. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011671</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choudhry F.A., Grantham J.T., Rai A.T., Hogg J.P. Vascular geometry of the extracranial carotid arteries: an analysis of length, diameter, and tortuosity. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2016;8(5):536–540. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011671</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diedrich K.T., Roberts J.A., Schmidt R.H., Chang-Ki Kang, Zang-Hee Cho, Parker D.L. Validation of an arterial tortuosity measure with application to hypertension collection of clinical hypertensive patients. BMC Bioinformatics. 2017;12(10). [Internet] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/12/S10/S15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diedrich K.T., Roberts J.A., Schmidt R.H., Chang-Ki Kang, Zang-Hee Cho, Parker D.L. Validation of an arterial tortuosity measure with application to hypertension collection of clinical hypertensive patients. BMC Bioinformatics. 2017;12(10). [Internet] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/12/S10/S15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко А.В., Куклин А.В., Хрипков А.С., Абрамян А.В. Оценка эффективности реконструктивных операций на сонных артериях в сочетании стеноза и патологической извитости. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2014;20(3):116–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko A.V., Kuklin A.V., Khripkov A.S., Abramyan A.V. Otsenka eff ektivnosti rekonstruktivnykh operatsii na sonnykh arteriyakh v sochetanii stenoza i patologicheskoi izvitosti. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2014;20(3):116–122 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубарев А.Р., Кривошеева Н.В., Рычкова И.В. Сопоставление оценки данных клинико-ультразвукового исследования и данных магнитно-резонансной томографии у пациентов старшей возрастной группы с артериальной гипертензией. Российский электронный журнал лучевой диагностики. 2017;7(2):65–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubarev A.R., Krivosheeva N.V., Rychkova I.V. Data evaluation comparison of clinical ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging results among older age group patients with arterial hypertension. Russian Electronic Journal of Radiation Diagnostics. 2017;7(2):65–77. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тухбатуллин М.Г., Галиханов В.Р., Сафиуллина Л.Р., Хамзина Ф.Т. Деформация экстракраниальных отделов брахиоцефальных артерий у больных с гипертонической болезнью. Практическая медицина. 2014;6(82):79–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tukhbatullin M.G., Galikhanov V.R., Safi ullina L.R., Khamzina F.T. Deformation of extracranial sections of brachiocephalic arteries in patients with hypertension. Аpplied medicine. 2014;6(82):79– 82. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Покровский А.В. Профилактические операции на брахиоцефальных сосудах при сосудистой недостаточности головного мозга. Журнал невропатологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 1976;1:16–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokrovsky A.V. Preventive operations on brachiocephalic vessels in case of vascular cerebral insuffi  cienc. Journal of Neuropathology and Psychiatry named after S.S. Korsakov. 1976;1:16–23. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузык Ю.И. Патологические деформации сонных артерий: этиология, патогенез, клинические и патоморфологические изменения. Ангиология и сосудистая хирургия. 2014;3:123–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzyk Y.I. Pathological deformation of carotid artery in patients over 50: clinical and morphological analysis. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2014;3:123–128. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дуданов И.П., Ордынцев С.В. Хирургическое лечение сочетанного стеноза и извитости внутренней сонной артерии в остром периоде ишемического инсульта. Вестник Российской военно-медицинской академии. 2013;3:201–213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudanov I.P., Ordyntsev S.V. Determination of indications for surgical treatment with a combination of stenosis and tortuosity of the internal carotid artery in acute ischemic stroke. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2013;3:201–213. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко А.В., Сандриков В.А., Абрамян А.В. Выбор метода хирургического лечения больных с патологической извитостью внутренней сонной артерии. Анналы хирургии. 2013;6:18–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko A.V., Sandrikov V.A., Abramyan A.V. Choosing a method of surgical treatment of patients with pathological tortuosity of the internal carotid artery. Annals of Surgery. 2013;6:18–23. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усачев Д.Ю., Лукшин В.А., Соснин А.Д. Хирургическое лечение больных с патологическими деформациями сонных артерий. Вопросы нейрохирургии. 2014;5:3–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usachev D.Y., Lukshin V.A., Sosnin A.D. Surgical Management of Patients with Pathological Deformation of Carotid Arteries. Neurosurgery questions. 2014;5:3–15. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
