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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2023-28-1-25-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мышечно-тонические нарушения при вегетативном состоянии и состоянии минимального сознания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Muscular-tonic disorders in a vegetative and a minimal consciousness states</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5881-2242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыган</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygan</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Гатчина, Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p><p>Gatchina, Leningrad region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-3993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вайншенкер</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vainshenker</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вайншенкер Юлия И.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vainshenker Yuli I.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juliavajn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-7711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинак</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odinak</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны РФ; ФГБУ «Петербургский институт ядерной физики имени Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education “Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientifi c Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education “Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цыган Н.В., Вайншенкер Ю.И., Литвиненко И.В., Одинак М.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыган Н.В., Вайншенкер Ю.И., Литвиненко И.В., Одинак М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsygan N.V., Vainshenker Y.I., Litvinenko I.V., Odinak M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/391">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/391</self-uri><abstract><p>Мышечно-тонические нарушения (МТН) при хроническом нарушении сознания (ХНС), включающем вегетативное состояние (ВС) и состояние минимального сознания (СМС), мало изучены.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Систематизировать МТН при ХНС, выделить особенности их динамики в зависимости от изменения сознания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. 87 пациентов с ХНС (ВС — 52, СМС — 35) длительностью от 2 мес. до 10 лет от поражения головного мозга разной этиологии. Мышечно-тонические нарушения, провоцирующие гиперкинезы факторы и сознание анализировали ретроспективно комплексно в динамике.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. МТН имели 98% пациентов с ХНС. Соотношение встречаемости спастичности, гиперкинезов, познотонических спазмов соответствовало 11:11:10, а гиперкинезов — дистонии, миоклонуса/миокимии, атетоза, стереотипии, баллизма, хореиформного гиперкинеза, тремора — 17:10:6:3:2:1:1. Отмечены их клинические варианты и особенности. Совокупная динамика МТН при улучшении сознания была следующей. В целом, независимо от исходного ВС или СМС, их изменение (особенно уменьшение) превалировало над отсутствием изменений (р &lt; 0,001). Сравнительно чаще уменьшение встречалось при СМС «плюс» (р &lt; 0,05); появление/нарастание/видоизменение — при ВС (р &lt; 0,05); отсутствие изменений — при СМС «минус» (р &lt; 0,01). По отдельности с изменением сознания коррелировали (р &lt; 0,01) спастичность, дистония, спазмы, гемибаллизм и стереотипия при СМС «плюс». Ключевыми провоцирующими факторами гиперкинезов при ВС были болевые и другие сенсорные воздействия (р &lt; 0,01), но их роль от СМС «минус» к СМС «плюс» уменьшалась, а осознанных эмоций и движений — возрастала (p &lt; 0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наряду с академическим интересом полученные данные перспективны при разработке прогноза, патогенеза и лечения ХНС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Muscular-tonic disorders (MTD) in prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDoC), including a vegetative state (VS) and a minimal consciousness state (MCS), are poorly understood.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To systematize MTD in PDoC, to highlight the features of their dynamics depending on the change in consciousness.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 87 patients in PDoC (VS — 52, MCS — 35) resulting from brain damage of diff erent etiology, lasting from 2 months up to 10 years. MTD, provoking hyperkinesis factors and consciousness were analyzed retrospectively in the dynamics and complex.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. MTD had 98% of patients in PDoC. The ratio of occurrence of spasticity: hyperkinesis: postural spasms corresponded to 11:11:10, and hyperkinesis — dystonia: myoclonus/myokymia: athetosis: stereotypes: ballism: choreiform hyperkinesis: tremor — 17:10:6:3:2:1:1. Their clinical variants and features are noted. The total dynamics of MTD on improved consciousness was as follows. In general, regardless of the initial VS or MCS, their “change” (especially decrease) prevailed over “no changes” (p &lt; 0.001). Comparatively more often the decrease occurred in MCS “plus” (p &lt; 0.05); appearance/increase/modifi cation — in VS (p &lt; 0.05); “no changes” — in MCS “minus” (p &lt; 0.01). When considered separately, spasticity, dystonia, spasms, hemiballismus and stereotypy in MCS “plus” correlated (p &lt; 0.01) with the change of consciousness. The key provoking hyperkinesis factors in VS were pain and other sensory infl uences (p &lt; 0.01), but their role from MCS “minus” to MCS “plus” decreased, while the role both conscious emotions and movements increased (p &lt; 0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Along with academic interest, the data are promising in developing the prognosis, pathogenesis and treatment of PDoC.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вегетативное состояние</kwd><kwd>состояние минимального сознания</kwd><kwd>двигательные нарушения</kwd><kwd>патологические позы</kwd><kwd>спастичность</kwd><kwd>мышечные спазмы</kwd><kwd>гиперкинезы</kwd><kwd>патологическая сенсомоторная интеграция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vegetative state</kwd><kwd>minimal consciousness state</kwd><kwd>movement disorders</kwd><kwd>pathological postures</kwd><kwd>spasticity</kwd><kwd>muscle spasms</kwd><kwd>hyperkinesis</kwd><kwd>pathological sensorimotor integration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пирадов М.А., Супонева Н.А., Вознюк И.А., Кондратьев А.Н., Щеголев А.В., Белкин А.А. и др. 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