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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/26587947-2023-28-1-5-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии в дифференциальной диагностике болезни Паркинсона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diff erential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-500X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таппахов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tappakhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таппахов Алексей Алексеевич</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tаppakhov Alexey A.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dralex89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-1540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tata2504@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yakutsk Scientifi c Center for Complex Medical Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Таппахов А.А., Попова Т.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Таппахов А.А., Попова Т.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tappakhov A.A., Popova T.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/389">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/389</self-uri><abstract><p>Болезнь Паркинсона (БП) — одно из наиболее распространенных нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Если до недавнего времени МРТ головного мозга проводилась исключительно для диагностики симптоматических форм паркинсонизма, то последние достижения в области нейровизуализации позволяют выявлять признаки нигральной дегенерации (МР-биомаркеры БП). В статье обсуждаются возможности современных режимов МРТ, чувствительных к железу (SWI, T2*) и нейромеланину (нейромеланин-чувствительная МРТ); делается акцент на выявление ложноотрицательных и ложноположительных результатов исследования. Визуализация нигросомы-1 в дорсальной части черного вещества (ЧВ) в режиме SWI обсуждается с 2013 г. При отсутствии нигральной дегенерации данная область определяется как гиперинтенсивная овоидная область в пределах дорсолатеральной границы гипоинтенсивного ЧВ (признак «хвоста ласточки»). Если оптимистические результаты первых исследований свидетельствовали о высокой чувствительности и специфичности данной методики при БП (отсутствие признака «хвоста ласточки»), то при последующих исследованиях аналогичные изменения выявлялись у пациентов и с другими нейродегенеративными заболеваниями, сопровождающимися развитием синдрома паркинсонизма. Кроме того, диагностическая ценность данной методики имеет место при использовании томографов с напряженностью магнитного поля не менее 3 Тс. Аналогичные выводы можно сделать об использовании нейромеланин-чувствительной МРТ, поскольку для выявления нигральной дегенерации необходимо использовать высокопольные магнитные томографы 3 Тс и более, а схожие с БП результаты могут быть и при атипичных формах паркинсонизма. Однако поиск признаков нигральной дегенерации может быть полезен в дифференциальной диагностике БП и ненейродегенеративных расстройств. В статье, кроме МРТ, в диагностике БП обсуждается нейровизуализация при различных типах мультисистемной атрофии, прогрессирующем надъядерном параличе и деменции с тельцами Леви. Статья проиллюстрирована собственными снимками МРТ головного мозга пациентов с БП и другими формами паркинсонизма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. While until recently MRI was used exclusively for the diagnosis of symptomatic forms of parkinsonism, recent advances in neuroimaging allow the detection of signs of nigral degeneration (MR biomarkers of PD). The article discusses the possibilities of modern MRI modes sensitive to iron (SWI, T2*) and neuromelanin (neuromelanin-sensitive MRI); emphasis is placed on identifying false-negative and false-positive results of the study. The imaging of nigrosome-1 in the dorsal substantia nigra (SN) in MRI-SWI has been discussed since 2013. In the absence of nigral degeneration, this area is defi ned as a hyperintense ovoid area within the dorsolateral border of the hypointense SN (“swallow’s tail” sign). If the optimistic results of the fi rst studies testifi ed to the high sensitivity and specifi city of this technique in PD (the absence of the “swallow’s tail” sign), then in subsequent studies, similar changes were detected in patients with other neurodegenerations with parkinsonism. In addition, the diagnostic value of this technique occurs when using tomographs with a magnetic fi eld strength of at least 3 Tc. Similar conclusions can be drawn about the use of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI, since it is necessary to use high-fi eld magnetic tomographs of 3 Tc or more to detect nigral degeneration, and results similar to PD can also be found in atypical forms of parkinsonism. However, the search for signs of nigral degeneration may be useful in the diff erential diagnosis of PD and non-neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to MRI in the diagnosis of PD, the article discusses neuroimaging in various types of multisystem atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. The article is illustrated with own MRI scans of the brains of patients with PD and other forms of parkinsonism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>мультисистемная атрофия</kwd><kwd>прогрессирующий надъядерный паралич</kwd><kwd>деменция с тельцами Леви</kwd><kwd>паркинсонизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>Magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>multisystem atrophy</kwd><kwd>progressive supranuclear palsy</kwd><kwd>dementia with Lewy bodies</kwd><kwd>parkinsonism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pringsheim T., Jette N., Frolkis A., Steeves T. 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