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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-6-63-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивный статус институализированных долгожителей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive status in institutionalized oldest old</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-0630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаев Руслан Ибрагимович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isaev-doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-981X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мхитарян</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkhitaryan</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkhitaryan_ha@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-0676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стражеско</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strazhesko</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strazhesko_id@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-7864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vorobyeva_nm@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-3351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапенко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostapenko_vs@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkacheva@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-5645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яхно</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakhno</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yahno@mma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Обособленное структурное подразделение Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Gerontology Research and Clinical Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исаев Р.И., Мхитарян Э.А., Стражеско И.Д., Воробьева Н.М., Остапенко В.С., Ткачева О.Н., Яхно Н.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исаев Р.И., Мхитарян Э.А., Стражеско И.Д., Воробьева Н.М., Остапенко В.С., Ткачева О.Н., Яхно Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isaev R.I., Mkhitaryan E.A., Strazhesko I.D., Vorobyeva N.M., Ostapenko V.S., Tkacheva O.N., Yakhno N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/373">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/373</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Долгожители являются самой быстрорастущей возрастной группой в большинстве стран мира, включая Российскую Федерацию. Значительная часть долгожителей одиноки, нуждаются в постороннем уходе и находятся в стационарных учреждениях социального обеспечения (институализируются). Инвалидность и институализация у долгожителей сопряжена с увеличением риска развития когнитивных нарушений. Когнитивный статус институализированных долгожителей мало изучен в России. При этом как для клинической практики, так и при проведении научных исследований актуальным является определение диагностических нормативов для шкал, использующихся для оценки когнитивных функций у долгожителей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: оценить когнитивные функции и определить диагностическую ценность различных психологических тестов у лиц в возрасте ≥ 90 лет, проживающих в стационарных учреждениях социального обеспечения (СУСО).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследованы пациенты в возрасте ≥ 90 лет, находившихся в СУСО (пансионатах, интернатах или домах престарелых) г. Москвы. Всем пациентам проведено нейропсихологическое обследование, которое включало краткую шкалу оценки психического статуса (КШОПС), батарею тестов на лобную дисфункцию (БТЛД), тест 5 слов, тест рисования часов, тесты на литеральные и категориальные ассоциации. Также для скрининга когнитивных нарушений применяли оригинальный опросник.</p></sec><sec><title>Результат</title><p>Результат. У 69% институализированных долгожителей имелась деменция. Лобная дисфункция обнаружена у 89,1% лиц. 57,5% имели «гиппокампальный тип» нарушений памяти. Результаты теста литеральных ассоциаций соответствовали норме только у 6,7%, а по тесту категориальных ассоциаций — 8,1%. Чувствительность КШОПС ≤ 23 балла в диагностике деменции у институализированных исследуемых составила 97%, а специфичность 90,9%. Для шкалы БТЛД наиболее оптимальным соотношением чувствительность/ специфичность (98/83,7%) составил балл ≤ 14. Тест рисования часов указывал на наличие деменции с чувствительностью 91,9% и специфичностью 69,7% при сумме баллов ≤ 6.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Лица в возрасте ≥ 90 лет, находящиеся в СУСО, имеют высокую распространенность деменции. Представленные тесты могут использоваться при обследовании долгожителей. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования взаимосвязи когнитивных нарушений с другими гериатрическими расстройствами у долгожителей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Oldest old are the fastest growing age group in most countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. A signifi cant part of oldest old are feel lonely, need care and live in long term care facilities (institutionalized). Disability and institutionalization are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in oldest old. The cognitive status in this group has been studied insuffi ciently in Russia. Determination of diagnostic standards for cognitive functions assessment scales in oldest old is important both for clinical practice and for scientifi c research.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate cognitive functions and to determine diagnostic value for various psychological tests in persons aged ≥ 90, who live in long term care facilities (LTCF).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The persons aged ≥ 90 years that live in LTCF (boarding houses or nursing homes) in Moscow were examined. All patients passed neuropsychological examination, which included Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), 5-word test, clock-drawing test and verbal fl uency tests. In addition, original questionnaire was used for cognitive impairment screening.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Dementia was found in 69% of oldest old, who live in LTCF; frontal dysfunction in 89.1% and “hippocampal type” of memory disorders in 57.5%. The results of phonemic verbal fl uency test were normal in 6.7% only and of semantic verbal fl uency test in 8.1%. For diagnosis of dementia in institutionalized subjects sensitivity of MMSE ≤ 23 points was 97% and specifi city was 90.9%. For the FAB optimal sensitivity/specifi city ratio (98/83.7%) was at score of ≤ 14. The clock-drawing test sensitivity for dementia was 91.9% and specifi city was 69.7% at total score ≤ 6 .</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Institutionalized persons aged ≥ 90 years have a high prevalence of dementia. The above mentioned tests can be used for oldest old examination. Further studies of the relationship of cognitive impairment with other geriatric disorders in oldest old are needed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>долгожители</kwd><kwd>девяностолетние</kwd><kwd>столетние</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>институализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oldest old</kwd><kwd>nonagenarians</kwd><kwd>centenarians</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>institutionalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Population Division (2020). World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights: Living arrangements of older persons (ST/ESA/ SER.A/451).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Aff airs, Population Division (2020). 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