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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-5-59-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-361</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейрокожный меланоцитоз с манифестацией во взрослом возрасте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurocutaneous melanocytosis with manifestation in adulthood</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6256-3429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Нижний Новгород </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vrgr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-7971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Нижний Новгород </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nesterova-78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-9614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Нижний Новгород </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tihomirov.georgij@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-4700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Нижний Новгород </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuleshova98nn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-1282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чудакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chudakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Нижний Новгород </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chivnev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НО «Нижегородская областная клиническая больница им. Н.А. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semashko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьева В.Н., Нестерова В.Н., Тихомиров Г.В., Климова О.С., Чудакова И.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьева В.Н., Нестерова В.Н., Тихомиров Г.В., Климова О.С., Чудакова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigoryeva V.N., Nesterova V.N., Tikhomirov G.V., Klimova O.S., Chudakova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/361">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/361</self-uri><abstract><p>Описан 20-летний пациент с подострым возникновением головной боли, тошноты и рвоты. Исследование биоматериала из носа/ротоглотки выявило РНК SARS-CoV-2, а позднее были обнаружены антитела к этому вирусу. Лечение в госпитале для больных с COVID-19 дало лишь временное облегчение, и больного затем направили в региональный сосудистый центр (РСЦ) для исключения субарахноидального кровоизлияния. Неврологи РСЦ обратили внимание на множество невусов на коже больного. МРТ головного мозга выявила повышение сигнала на Т1-ВИ от мягких оболочек с их контрастным усилением, гиперинтенсивные на Т1-ВИ очаги в области миндалин и аномалию комплекса Денди–Уокера. В цереброспинальной жидкости (ЦСЖ) отмечалось повышение белка (0,52 г/л), низкий цитоз (лимфоциты 6 в мм3) и снижение глюкозы (1,8 ммоль/л). Был установлен диагноз нейрокожного меланоцитоза (НКМ), неврологическую манифестацию которого, вероятно, спровоцировал COVID-19. У больного постепенно стало снижаться зрение. Через 2,5 мес. после манифестации НКМ на глазном дне была выявлена атрофия дисков зрительных нервов (несмотря на отсутствие предшествовавшего отека), а в повторном анализе ЦСЖ обнаружены атипичные клетки, по характеристикам соответствовавшие меланоме. Была предположена малигнизация меланоцитоза, и больной переведен для дальнейшей терапии в онкологический диспансер. В обзоре публикаций по НКМ особое внимание уделено нейровизуализационной, цитологической и иммуноцитохимической диагностике НКМ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A 20-year-old patient was presented with subacute onset of headache, nausea and vomiting. Testing of nasal/oropharyngeal swabs indicated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and later the antibodies to this virus were found. The treatment in the hospital for Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) provided only temporary relief, and the patient then was referred to the Regional Stroke Center (RSC) to exclude a subarachnoid hemorrhage. RSC neurologists drew attention to multiple skin nevi in the patient. Brain MRI demonstrated abnormal T1 hyperintensity in the brain leptomeninges, with leptomeningeal contrast enhancement as well as hyperintensity in amygdala regions on T1 weighted images, bilaterally. The anomaly of the Dandy-Walker malformation complex was also revealed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed elevated protein (0.52 g/L), low lymphocytosis (lymphocytes, 6 in mm3), and decreased glucose (1.8 mmol/L). Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) was diagnosed, which neurological manifestation was probably triggered by COVID-19. The patient’s vision gradually progressively worsened. In 2.5 months after the clinical manifestation of NCM, fundoscopy revealed optic discs atrophy (despite the absence of previous edema), and repeated CSF analysis showed atypical cells with characteristics corresponding to melanoma. Malignant transformation of cerebral melanocytosis was suspected, and the patient was referred to an oncological dispensary for further therapy. In the presented literature review, special attention is paid to the issues of neuroimaging, cytological and immunocytochemical diagnostics of NCM.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейрокожный меланоцитоз</kwd><kwd>лептоменингеальный меланоцитоз</kwd><kwd>оболочечный меланоматоз</kwd><kwd>меланоцитарное поражение головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurocutaneous melanocytosis</kwd><kwd>leptomeningeal melanocytosis</kwd><kwd>meningeal melanomatosis</kwd><kwd>melanocytic brain lesion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith A.B., Rushing E.J., Smirniotopoulos J.G. Pigmented lesions of the central nervous system: radiologic-pathologic correlation. 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