r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-4-69-74r-n-j-338Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯCLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTSОсобенности неврологического статуса у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектраFeatures of neurological status in children with autism spectrum disordershttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-0380СальковВ. Н.SalkovV. N.

Сальков Владимир Николаевич — д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейроморфологии

Москва

Salkov Vladimir Nikolaevich — Dr. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher of the Research Center of Neurology

Moscow

vla-salkov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-194XШмелёваС. В.ShmelevaS. V.

Москва

Moscow

89151479832@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7840-8255ЛевченковаВ. Д.LevchenkovaV. D.

Москва

Moscow

levchenkova_vera@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-8042МироновМ. Б.MironovM. B.

Москва

Moscow

mironovmb@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-8503ЛогачевН. В.LogachevN. V.

Москва

Moscow

89151479832@mail.ruФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»РоссияResearch Center of NeurologyRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К.Г. Разумовского» (ПКУ)РоссияMoscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)Russian FederationГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр детской психоневрологии Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияCenter for Pediatric Psychoneurology in Health Department of MoscowRussian FederationФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет управления»РоссияState University of ManagementRussian Federation2022031020222746974Copyright © Сальков В.Н., Шмелёва С.В., Левченкова В.Д., Миронов М.Б., Логачев Н.В., 20222022Сальков В.Н., Шмелёва С.В., Левченкова В.Д., Миронов М.Б., Логачев Н.В.Salkov V.N., Shmeleva S.V., Levchenkova V.D., Mironov M.B., Logachev N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/338

Цель исследования: изучение неврологического статуса, данных анамнеза и электроэнцефалографии у пациентов с расстройствами аутистического спектра.Материал и методы. Обследованы 54 ребенка с расстройствами аутистического спектра в возрасте от 3 и до 7 лет. Изучены анамнестические данные, выполнены неврологическое и электроэнцефалографическое исследования.Результаты. В качестве основных антенатальных и интранатальных факторов риска формирования неврологических нарушений определили гестозы, угрозу прерывания беременности, слабость родовой деятельности и увеличение длительности безводного периода у матерей. Значительное количество детей родились недоношенными и имели признаки внутриутробной гипоксии при рождении. При исследовании неврологического статуса у большинства пациентов выявили двигательные и координаторные нарушения, расстройства тактильной чувствительности. На электроэнцефалограмме у большинства пациентов отмечалось тета-замедление основной биоэлектрической активности головного мозга. Периодические региональные замедления выявили в 9 случаях, а эпилептиформную активность — в 5 случаях.Заключение. Нарушения в неврологическом статусе у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра отмечались в форме негрубой моторной симптоматики, расстройств координации движений и тактильной чувствительности.

Purpose of the study: to study the neurological status, anamnesis data and electroencephalography in patients with autism spectrum disorders.Material and methods. The study involved 54 children with autism spectrum disorders aged from 3 to 7 years. Anamnestic data were studied, neurological and electroencephalographic studies were performed.Results. The following were identified as the main antenatal and intranatal risk factors for the formation of neurological disorders: gestosis, the threat of termination of pregnancy, weakness of labor and an increase in the duration of the anhydrous period in mothers. A significant number of children were born prematurely and had signs of intrauterine hypoxia at birth. When examining the neurological status, the majority of patients revealed motor and coordination disorders, disorders of tactile sensitivity. Electroencephalography made it possible to register in most patients a delay in the formation of the rhythm of the bioelectrical activity of the brain. Periodic regional decelerations were detected in 9 cases, and epileptiform activity — in 5 cases.Conclusion. Disorders in the neurological status in children with autism spectrum disorders were noted in the form of mild motor symptoms, disorders of motor coordination and tactile sensitivity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.