r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-4-5-15r-n-j-331Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSО связи нейродегенеративных заболеваний с загрязнением воздуха взвешенными частицамиОn the relationship of neurodergenerative diseases with air pollution by particulate matterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-2744КолпаковаА. Ф.KolpakovaA. F.

Колпакова Алла Федоровна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории моделирования геоэкологических систем (совместно с ИВЭП СОРАН)

Новосибирск

Kolpakova Alla Fedorovna — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory for Modeling Geoecological Systems (jointly with IWEP SORAN)

Novosibirsk

kolpakova44@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-5493ШариповР. Н.SharipovR. N.

НовосибирскСочи

NovosibirskSochi

shrus79@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-3297ВолковаО. А.VolkovaO. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ov@bionet.nsc.ruФБГНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр информационных и вычислительных технологий»РоссияFederal Research Center for Information and Computational TechnologiesRussian FederationФБГНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр информационных и вычислительных технологий»; АНООВО «Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»; ООО «БИОСОФТ.РУ»; ФГАОУВО «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет»РоссияFederal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies; Sirius University of Science and Technology; Limited liability company BIOSOFT.RU; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationООО «БИОСОФТ.РУ»РоссияLimited liability company BIOSOFT.RURussian Federation202202102022274515Copyright © Колпакова А.Ф., Шарипов Р.Н., Волкова О.А., 20222022Колпакова А.Ф., Шарипов Р.Н., Волкова О.А.Kolpakova A.F., Sharipov R.N., Volkova O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/331

Освещены современные представления о связи загрязнения атмосферного воздуха взвешенными частицами (англ. particulate matter (PM)) c риском нейродегенеративных заболеваний (НДЗ). Использованы материалы статей, индексированных в базах PubMed и РИНЦ. Рассмотрены результаты кратковременного и долговременного влияния PM на возникновение и прогрессирование НДЗ в зависимости от размера частиц, химического состава, возраста испытуемых. РМ с аэродинамическим диаметром ≤ 2,5 мкм признаны самыми опасными. Эпидемиологические, клинические и экспериментальные исследования подтвердили, что загрязнение воздуха РМ, особенно содержащими металлы, является одним из факторов риска НДЗ. Обсуждаются гипотезы патогенеза наиболее распространенных НДЗ — болезни Альцгеймера и болезни Паркинсона. К сожалению, ни одна гипотеза не дает ясной характеристики роли РМ в патогенезе НДЗ, в частности на молекулярно-генетическом уровне. Систематизированные научные данные, особенно в виде формализованных описаний, способствуют более глубокому пониманию патогенеза заболевания, могут быть использованы в практической медицине для оценки риска возникновения, ранней диагностики, прогноза и повышения эффективности лечения больных с НДЗ.

The review highlights the current understanding of the relationship between particulate matter (PM) in air pollution and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). For this purpose, materials from articles indexed in the PubMed and RSCI databases were used. The results of the short-term and long-term effects of PM on the occurrence and progression of NDDs depending on their size, chemical composition and age of the subjects are considered. PMs with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 microns are recognized as the most dangerous. Epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have confirmed that air pollution with PM, especially those containing metals, is one of the risk factors for NDDs. Hypotheses of the pathogenesis of the most common NDDs, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, are discussed. Unfortunately, none of the hypotheses provides a clear description of the role of PMs in the pathogenesis of NDDs, in particular, at the molecular or cellular level. Systematized scientific data, especially in the form of formalized descriptions, contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis and can be used in practical medicine to assess the risk of occurrence, early diagnosis, prognosis and increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with NDDs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.