r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-3-11-19r-n-j-316Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭкстра- versus интракраниальный атеросклероз: две грани одной проблемыExtra- versus intracranial atherosclerosis: two facets of the same problemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119ТанашянМ. М.TanashyanM. M.

Москва

Moscow

m.tanashyan@neurology.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-4991ЛагодаО. В.LagodaO. V.

Москва

Moscow

angionev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-767XРаскуражевА. А.RaskurazhevA. A.

Москва

Moscow

rasckey@live.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-2550АннушкинВ. А.AnnushkinV. A.

Москва

Moscow

annushkin-v@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-721XМазурА. С.MazurA. S.

Москва

Moscow

A1699466@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6862-6980СиницынИ. А.SinitsynI. A.

Москва

Moscow

ivansyn2013@yandex.ruФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»РоссияResearch Center of NeurologyRussian Federation2022130720222731119Copyright © Танашян М.М., Лагода О.В., Раскуражев А.А., Аннушкин В.А., Мазур А.С., Синицын И.А., 20222022Танашян М.М., Лагода О.В., Раскуражев А.А., Аннушкин В.А., Мазур А.С., Синицын И.А.Tanashyan M.M., Lagoda O.V., Raskurazhev A.A., Annushkin V.A., Mazur A.S., Sinitsyn I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/316

Атеросклероз — хроническое заболевание артерий эластического и мышечно-эластического типа, возникающее вследствие нарушения липидного и белкового обмена и сопровождающееся отложением холестерина и некоторых фракций липопротеинов в просвете сосудов. Обсуждается история открытия, вклад ученых в различные теории развития атеросклероза, основные факторы риска развития заболевания. Описаны основные группы биомаркеров, их функции и специфичность для диагностики атеросклероза. Рассмотрена диагностическая ценность таких методов, как МР-ангиoграфия, КТ-ангиография и УЗИ. Сформированы основные патогенетические аспекты экстра- и интракраниального атеросклероза. Рассмотрены основные возможности разработки терапевтических стратегий для замедления прогрессирования и разработки таргетной терапии и сформулирован портрет пациента с интракраниальным атеросклерозом, которому стоит проводить скрининг.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of elastic and muscle-elastic type arteries, which occurs due to abnormal lipid and protein metabolism and is accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol and certain lipoprotein fractions in the lumen of blood vessels. The article discusses the history of atherosclerosis discovery, various theories of the development of atherosclerosis, main risk factors for the development of the disease. The main groups of biomarkers, their functions and specificity for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis are described, the diagnostic value of such methods as MR angiography, CT angiography and ultrasound is discussed. Different aspects of extra- and intracranial atherosclerosis are outlined. The main possibilities for developing therapeutic strategies to slow the progression and develop targeted therapy are considered, and the portrait of a patient with intracranial atherosclerosis, requiring screening, is described.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.