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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-298</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение клеточных технологий при лечении неврологических нарушений, вызванных COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of cellular technologies in the treatment of neurological disorders caused by COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгополов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgopolov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгополов Игорь Станиславович – д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии педиатрического факультета</p><p>170100, Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irdolg@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-7001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыков</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rykov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rykov M.Yu. – Doctor of Med. Sci., associate professor</p><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wordex2006@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичановская</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichanovskaya</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгополов И.С., Рыков М.Ю., Чичановская Л.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгополов И.С., Рыков М.Ю., Чичановская Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgopolov I.S., Rykov M.Y., Chichanovskaya L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/298">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/298</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре систематизированы результаты исследований, посвященных лечению и реабилитации пациентов с неврологическими последствиями постковидного синдрома и с сосудистыми, поствоспалительными и травматическими поражениями нервной системы с применением стволовых клеток взрослого типа.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: проведен поиск литературных источников, включая опубликованные в рецензируемых журналах, индексируемые в PubMed, Wos, Scopus и РИНЦ. Проанализированы 72 статьи, посвященные клеточным технологиям и иммунотерапии в неврологии, из которых 63 включены в данный обзор.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Включение стволовых клеток (СК) в программы реабилитации пациентов с разнообразными повреждениями и заболеваниями ЦНС – новое перспективное направление исследований. Возможные механизмы терапии травмы спинного мозга, базирующиеся на использовании стволовых плюрипотентных клеток взрослого типа из костного мозга, в том числе СД34+, включают множество аспектов. На фоне трансплантации СК могут восстанавливаться поврежденные нервные клетки и окружающие ткани, включая нейроны и глиальные клетки, что помогает обеспечить целостность путей нервной проводимости и, таким образом, восстановить нервную функцию. Терапия СК может подавлять гены, участвующие в воспалении и апоптозе, а также активировать гены с нейропротектерным действием, тем самым защищая спинномозговые нейроны от вторичного повреждения. Доза аутоСД34+ СК определяется по содержанию СД34+ клеток и составляет не менее 1 × 106 СД34+ клеток на 1 введение. Аутологичные гемопоэтические стволовые клетки (ГСК), полученные от самого пациента, не вызывают иммунологических конфликтов, и, соответственно, не требуют проведения иммуносупрессивной терапии в отличие от донорских (аллогенных) и ксеногенных клеток. Таким образом, у больного не происходит нарушений в естественных механизмах противоинфекционного и противоопухолевого контроля. При этом аутологичные ГСК относительно легко получить и культивировать при необходимости, а при применении данного типа клеток врачи не сталкиваются с этическими и законодательными вызовами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Учитывая ранее полученные данные об эффективности применения аутологичных ГСК СД34+ для реабилитации больных с различными типами повреждения нервной системы и универсальность патофизиологических механизмов в ЦНС, можно предположить, что данное направление клеточной терапии может быть использовано для лечения постковидного синдрома.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to systematize the results of studies devoted to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with neurological consequences of «postcoid syndrome» and with vascular, post-inflammatory and traumatic lesions of the nervous system using adult stem cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A search was carried out for literary sources including those published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, Wos, Scopus and RSCI. We analyzed 45 articles on cell technologies and immunotherapy in neurology, of which 39 are included in this review. 72 articles devoted to cell technologies and immunotherapy in neurology were analyzed, of which 63 are included in this review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The inclusion of stem cells (SC) in rehabilitation programs for patients with various injuries and diseases of the central nervous system is a new, promising direction of research. Possible mechanisms of therapy for spinal cord injury based on the use of adult-type stem cells from the bone marrow, including CD34+, include many aspects. On the background of SC transplantation, damaged nerve cells and surrounding tissues, including neurons and glial cells, can be restored, which helps to ensure the integrity of the nerve conduction pathway and, thus, restore nerve function. SС therapy can suppress genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis, as well as activate genes with neuroprotective action, thereby protecting spinal neurons from secondary damage. The introduction of autoCD34+ SC will be performed intrathecally by spinal (lumbar) puncture performed in the L2–L3 gap, under local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine solution. The dose of autoCD34+ SC is determined by the content of CD34+ cells and is not less than 1 × 106 CD34+ cells per 1 injection. Autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) obtained from the patient himself do not cause immunological conflicts, and, accordingly, do not require immunosuppressive therapy, unlike donor (allogeneic) and xenogenic cells. Thus, the patient does not experience disturbances in the natural mechanisms of anti-infectious and antitumor control. At the same time, autologous HSCs are relatively easy to obtain and cultivate if necessary, and when using this type of cells, doctors do not face ethical and legislative challenges.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Taking into account the previously obtained data on the effectiveness of the use of autologous HSC SD34+ for the rehabilitation of patients with various types of damage to the nervous system and the universality of pathophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system, it can be assumed that this area of cell therapy can be used to treat post-COVID-19 syndrome.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клеточные технологии</kwd><kwd>гемопоэтические стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>СД34+</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>коронавирус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cell technologies</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>CD34+</kwd><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>coronavirus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang F., Kream R.M., Stefano G. 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