r-n-jРоссийский неврологический журналRussian neurological journal2658-79472686-7192МИА10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-2-14-21r-n-j-293Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSКогнитивный резерв при рассеянном склерозеCognitive reserve in multiple sclerosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-5084ПашковскаяД. В.PashkovskayaD. V.

Дарья В. Пашковская – студент 6-го курса

Томск

Daria V. Pashkovskaya – 6th year student

Tomsk

daria.pash97@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-3223АлифироваВ. М.AlifirovaV. M.

Томск

Tomsk

v_alifirova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-8344КаменскихЕ. М.KamenskikhE. M.

Томск

Tomsk

em_kamenskih@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России»РоссияSiberian State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2022130520222721421Copyright © Пашковская Д.В., Алифирова В.М., Каменских Е.М., 20222022Пашковская Д.В., Алифирова В.М., Каменских Е.М.Pashkovskaya D.V., Alifirova V.M., Kamenskikh E.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/293

Одним из частых проявлений рассеянного склероза являются когнитивные нарушения, которые более выражены на поздних стадиях заболевания. Оценить вероятность развития когнитивного дефицита, как и спрогнозировать скорость его прогрессирования, достаточно сложно. Оценка неврологического статуса и данных магнитно-резонансной томографии при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях позволили обнаружить несоответствие между данными нейровизуализации, определяющими объем поражения головного мозга, и выраженностью когнитивных нарушений. Это послужило основой создания понятия когнитивного резерва, отражающего способность мозга компенсировать когнитивные нарушения, возникающие вследствие повреждения мозга. В процессе изучения когнитивного резерва было сформулировано несколько концепций. В настоящий момент эти концепции используются преимущественно в научных исследованиях, однако имеют большой потенциал для внедрения в клиническую практику. В обзоре собраны сведения о предполагаемых физиологических механизмах, лежащих в основе когнитивного резерва, его роли по отношению к развитию нарушений как в когнитивной, так и в двигательной сферах, методиках оценки за счет клинических параметров и ряда данных нейровизуализации, а также возможных способах увеличения когнитивного резерва.

One of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis is a cognitive impairment, which becomes severe in the late stage of disease. It is difficult to evaluate the probability of cognitive deficit development and the rate of its progression. Evaluation of neurological status and neuroimaging data in neurodegenerative diseases patients show an inconsistency in the severity of cognitive symptoms. This served as the basis for creating the concept of cognitive reserve, which reflects the brain’s ability to compensate cognitive impairment resulting from damage to brain structures. the term «cognitive reserve» has acquired several «concepts». Despite these concepts are used only for scientific researches, it has a good potential for implementation in clinical practice. This review contains information about the supposed physiological mechanisms of the cognitive reserve, role for preventing of the development of cognitive and motor deficit, methods of cognitive reserve quantitative assessment by clinical and neuroimaging methods, and possible ways of increase.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.