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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2658-7947-2021-26-6-4-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейропсихологические и морфометрические биомаркеры неблагоприятного прогноза у пациентов с умеренными когнитивными нарушениями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neuropsychological and morphometric biomarkers of poor prognosis in patients with mild cognitive impairment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-258X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прахова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prakhova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-5982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильвес</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilves</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-0476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-6112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резникова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznikova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-9832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаева</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kataeva</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-9356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магонов</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magonov</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHB RAS)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических&#13;
технологий имени академика А.М. Гранова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budget Institution Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (RRCRST)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «НМЦ-Томография» (российско-финская клиника «Скандинавия»)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC “NMTs-Tomography” (Russian-Finnish clinic “Scandinavia”)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнова А.А., Прахова Л.Н., Ильвес А.Г., Селиверстова Н.А., Резникова Т.Н., Катаева Г.В., Магонов Е.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова А.А., Прахова Л.Н., Ильвес А.Г., Селиверстова Н.А., Резникова Т.Н., Катаева Г.В., Магонов Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova A.A., Prakhova L.N., Ilves A.G., Seliverstova N.A., Reznikova T.N., Kataeva G.V., Magonov E.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/239">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/239</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме. Несмотря на широкую распространенность умеренных когнитивных нарушений (УКН), на сегодняшний день отсутствуют общепризнанные алгоритмы дифференциации синдрома и оценки прогноза дальнейшего когнитивного снижения. </p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявление биомаркеров неблагоприятного прогноза при различных типах УКН за счет оптимизации нейропсихологического обследования в комплексе с МРТ-морфометрией структур головного мозга. </p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследовано 45 пациентов (9 мужчин, 36 женщин, средний возраст 72 ± 6,7 года) с УКН согласно модифицированным критериям Петерсена и DSM-5. Всем больным проведены углубленное нейропсихологическое тестирование (УНТ), включавшее шкалу MMSE, тест 10 слов (ТДС), двойной тест (ДТ), корректурную пробу, а также высокопольная магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) головного мозга с морфометрией церебральных структур (FreeSurfer, FSL). </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По MMSE УКН выявлены у 26 (58%) пациентов. В ходе УНТ в зависимости от состояния памяти у 14 участников исследования диагностирован неамнестический (НА) тип УКН, у 15 — амнестический вариант с нарушенным воспроизведением (АВ), у 16 человек — амнестический тип с дефектом первичного запоминания (АЗ). Изменения объема переднего отдела мозолистого тела (ПОМТ) были значимо связаны с показателями непосредственного воспроизведения после 4-го прочтения и отсроченного воспроизведения в общей группе УКН (rho = 0,58; 0,58; p &lt; 0,05) и группе УКН АЗ-типа (rho = 0,6; 0,56; р &lt; 0,05). Тест Краскела–Уоллиса выявил значимые межгрупповые различия в объемах ПОМТ, правого хвостатого ядра, коры левой гемисферы мозжечка, заднего отдела мозолистого тела и левого таламуса. При этом первые три структуры объединены в комплекс информативных признаков для дифференциации типа УКН по результатам дискриминантного анализа с пошаговым включением переменных с достижением 77,3% правильности классификации (Wilks’s Lambda: 0,35962; прибл. F (6,78) = 8,678, p &lt; 0,001). В ходе ROC-анализа установлены пороговые значения объемов ПОМТ ≤ 0,05% и правого хвостатого ядра ≤ 0,23%, ассоциированные с дефектом запоминания у лиц с УКН при 81,25% чувствительности в обоих случаях, 62,1% и 60,7% специфичности (площадь под ROC-кривой 0,787 и 0,767; 95% ДИ 0,639–0,865 и 0,615–0,881; ОШ 7,1 и 6,7 (95% ДИ 1,6–30,6 и 1,6–29) соответственно. При включении в логит-модель обеих церебральных структур достигается в 88,6% правильность классификации, 92,6% чувствительность, 82,4% специфичность метода. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показано, что разделение пациентов с УКН на группы в зависимости от состояния памяти по результатам УНТ, дополненное результатами МРТ-морфометрии церебральных структур, может стать чувствительным и специфичным инструментом для определения категории пациентов с высоким риском БА. Нейропсихологический профиль с дефектом запоминания, атрофические изменения ПОМТ и правого хвостатого ядра предложены в качестве биомаркеров неблагоприятного прогноза. Дальнейшие динамические исследования позволят уточнить информативность предложенных биомаркеров неблагоприятного прогноза, а также детализировать закономерности развития нейродегенеративного процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract. Despite a high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are no accepted algorithms of diff erentiating the syndrome and the prognosis evaluation of later cognitive decline at this time. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To identify biomarkers of poor prognosis in the various MCI types by optimizing neuropsychological examination in combination with MRI morphometry of brain structures. </p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. We examined 45 patients (9 men, 36 women, mean age 72 ± 6.7 years) with MCI according to the modifi ed Petersen’s criteria and the DSM-5 criteria. All patients underwent the MMSE scale, the Detailed Neuropsychological Testing (DNT), which included a Ten Words Test (TWT), a “Double Test” (DT), a visual acuity test, a high-fi eld magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with morphometry of cerebral structures (FreeSurfer, FSL). </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the MMSE score, MCI were found in 26 (58%) patients. During the DNT, depending on the state of memory, 14 participants of the study identifi ed a non-amnestic type of MCI (na-MCI), 15 — an amnestic variant with impaired reproduction (ar-MCI), and 16 people — an amnestic type with a primary memory defect (apm-MCI). Volume changes of the anterior corpus callosum segment (CCA) were signifi cantly associated with the Immediate Recall after 4th reading and the Delayed Recall in the general MCI group (rho = 0.58; 0.58; p &lt; 0.05) and the apmMCI group (rho = 0.6; 0.56; p &lt; 0.05). Kruskal–Wallis Test showed that there were signifi cant group diff erences in the volumes of the CCA, right caudate nucleus, left cerebellar hemisphere cortex, posterior corpus callosum segment and left thalamus. At the same time, the fi rst three structures were combined into a set of informative features for differentiating the type of MCI based on the results of Forward stepwise Discriminant Analysis with a 77.3% accurate classifi cation rate (Wilks’s Lambda: 0.35962; approx. F (6.78) = 8.678, p &lt; 0.001). ROC-analysis established the threshold values of the CCA volumes of ≤ 0.05% and the right caudate nucleus volumes of ≤ 0.23% (81.25% sensitivity in both cases; 62.1% and 60.7% specifi city; AUC 0.787 and 0.767; 95% CI 0.639–0.865 and 0.615–0.881; OR 7.1 and 6.7 (95% CI 1.6–30.6 and 1.6–29), associated with a memory defect in persons with MCI, while the ORs are 7.1 and 6.7 (95% CI 1.6–30.6 and 1.6–29), respectively. When both cerebral structures were included in the logit model, 88.6% classifi cation accuracy, 92.6% sensitivity, and 82.4% specifi city of the method were achieved. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It has been demonstrated that classifying patients into the various types of MCI based on the data of memory function refl ected by the DNT and supplemented with MRI morphometry of the brain areas may be used as a sensitive and specifi c instrument for determining the category of patients with a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. A neuropsychological profi le with a defect in primary memory, atrophic changes in anterior segment of the corpus callosum and the right caudate nucleus have been proposed as biomarkers of poor prognosis. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to clarify the proposed biomarkers of poor prognosis information and to detail the mechanisms of the neurodegenerative process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>умеренные когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>амнестический синдром</kwd><kwd>нейропсихологическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>хроническая ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>amnestic syndrome</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological testing</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>cerebrovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>chronic cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емелин А.Ю. 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