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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">r-n-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский неврологический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian neurological journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7947</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7192</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/26587947-2020-25-5-21-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">r-n-j-117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL RESEARCHES AND CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексная оценка клинико-иммунологических нарушений у пациентов в остром периоде сотрясения головного мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive assessment of clinical and immune disorders in patients with acute concussion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-7043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Норка</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Norka</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">norka-anna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-907X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">sergiognezdo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4723-802X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">emelinand@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-6733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">kuznetzova.rais@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-7850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">igorek1981@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-4220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серебрякова</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serebriakova</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">m-serebryakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-4742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский унивеситет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientiﬁc Institution «Institute of Experimental Medicine»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Норка А.О., Воробьев С.В., Емелин А.Ю., Кузнецова Р.Н., Кудрявцев И.В., Серебрякова М.К., Коваленко С.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Норка А.О., Воробьев С.В., Емелин А.Ю., Кузнецова Р.Н., Кудрявцев И.В., Серебрякова М.К., Коваленко С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Norka A.O., Vorobev S.V., Emelin A.Y., Kuznetsova R.N., Kudryavtsev I.V., Serebriakova M.K., Kovalenko S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/117">https://www.r-n-j.com/jour/article/view/117</self-uri><abstract><p>Черепно-мозговая травма остается одной из наиболее часто встречающихся форм патологии головного мозга. Ее актуальность определяется как высокой распространенностью, так и значительными финансовыми затратами, связанными с  лечением  и  реабилитацией  пострадавших.  В  общей  структуре  травмы преобладают ее легкие формы. Одним из проявлений комплекса биохимических и патофизиологических реакций, запускающихся в мозге в ответ на травму, является иммунологический ответ. В то же время тонкие механизмы его функционирования и их роль в патогенезе заболеваний остаются предметом дискуссии. </p><p>Цель исследования — изучить роль иммунологических реакций в патогенезе легкой травмы мозга. </p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 22 пациента в возрасте от 20 до 45 лет с сотрясением головного мозга. Вzконтрольную группу вошли 37 практически здоровых лиц в возрасте от 20 до 46 лет. Обследование включало сбор жалоб, анамнеза заболевания, оценку соматического и неврологического статуса, нейропсихологическое тестирование. Объектом лабораторного исследования служила венозная кровь. Основное внимание было уделено Т-хелперам центральной (СМ, CD45RA–CD62L+) и эффекторной (ЕМ, CD45RA–CD62L–) памяти, оценку которых проводили с применением многоцветного цитометрического анализа. Результаты. При поступлении в стационар пациенты предъявляли ряд жалоб, имеющих общий и когнитивный характер. При оценке неврологического статуса доминировали симптомы поражения мозжечка. Результаты нейропсихологического обследования позволили установить, что у больных преобладают нейродинамические и регуляторные нарушения. При анализе основных стадий созревания Th-клеток в крови пациентов с сотрясением головного мозга при сравнении с группой контроля отмечалось достоверное увеличение как относительного, так и абсолютного содержания Т-хелперов центральной памяти. В тоже время процентное содержание ЕМ Th у пострадавших было несколько снижено. Также у пациентов с травмой среди Th-клеток центральной памяти снижалось относительное содержание Th1-клеток и возрастало относительное содержание Th17-клеток. Кроме того, в рамках пула СМ Th при сотрясении головного мозга наблюдается увеличение доли сразу трех типов Th17 — CCR6+DN Th17, Th17.1 и «классических» CCR4+CXCR3– Th17. </p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Изменения в субпопуляции Т-хелперов центральной памяти и Т-хелперов периферической памяти среди клеток CD3+CD4+ могут рассматриваться в качестве предиктора течения сотрясения головного мозга в остром периоде. При этом Т-клетки, принимающие участие в аутоиммунитете, не обязательно отражают сбой иммунной системы. Возможно, что в основе снижения уровня Th1 в циркуляторном русле у пациентов с травмой мозга лежит рекрутирование клеток иммунной системы. Было обнаружено также увеличение доли Th17 среди Т-хелперов центральной памяти, патрулирующих лимфоидную ткань, уже через сутки после травмы мозга. Данное обстоятельство может указывать на тот факт, что уже на ранних этапах после повреждения нервной ткани запускаются процессы, приводящие к формированию «провоспалительных» клеток, что позволяет рассматривать эти лимфоциты в качестве одной из основных популяций иммунокомпетентных клеток, обладающих нейродеструктивным эффектом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Craniocerebral trauma remains one of the most common forms of brain pathology. Its relevance is determined by both, high prevalence and significant financial costs associated with the treatment, and rehabilitation of injured. Mild forms predominate in the general structure of injury. Immune response is one of the manifestations characteristic for a complex of biochemical and pathophysiological reactions triggered in the brain in response to injury. At the same time, the subtle mechanisms of its functioning and their role in pathogenesis of diseases remain the subject of discussion. Our research was aimed to study the role of immune reactions in the pathogenesis of mild brain injury. </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 22 patients with concussion (aged from 20 to 45) were examined. The control group included 37 healthy individuals aged 20 to 46. The examination included the collection of complaints, medical history, assessment of somatic and neurological status, neuropsychological testing. The object of laboratory research was venous blood. Attention was mainly paid to the T-helpers of central (CM, CD45RA–CD62L+) and eﬀector (EM, CD45RA–CD62L–) memory, which were evaluated using multicolored cytometric analysis. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Patients presented complaints of general and cognitive nature upon admission to the hospital. Cerebellar lesion symptoms dominated while neurological status evaluation. Neuropsychological examination allowed us to detect neuro-dynamic and regulatory disorders predominance. While conducting the analysis of the main stages of cell maturation in the blood of patients with concussion, it was noted that there was a significant increase in both, relative and absolute content of central memory T-helpers compared to the control group. At the same time, the percentage of EM Th in those with injury was slightly reduced. Also, in patients with injured Th cells of central memory, the relative content of Th1 cells decreased and the relative content of Th17 cells increased. In addition, within the CM Th pool, there was an increase in the proportion of three types of Th17 — CCR6+DN Th17, Th17.1 and «classic» CCR4+CXCR3– Th17. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Changes in T-helpers of central memory and T-helpers of peripheral memory subpopulation among CD3+CD4+ cells can be considered as a predictor of the course of concussion in the acute period. However, T cells involved in autoimmunity, do not necessarily reflect the immune system disorders. It is possible that the basis for the decrease in the Th1 level in the circulatory bed in patients with brain injury is the recruitment of immune cells. An increase in the proportion of Th17 was also detected among T-helpers of central memory patrolling the lymphoid tissue the other day after the brain injury. This circumstance may indicate the fact that in the early stages after the nervous tissue damage, processes leading to the formation of «pro-inflammatory» cells are triggered. It allows us to consider these lymphocytes as one of the main populations of immunocompetent cells possessing a neuro-destructive eﬀect.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>сотрясение головного мозга</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции лимфоцитов CD4+</kwd><kwd>CD45RA-негативных Th памяти</kwd><kwd>СМ-клетки памяти</kwd><kwd>ЕМ-клетки памяти</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain injury</kwd><kwd>concussion</kwd><kwd>subpopulations of CD4+ lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>CD45RA– Th memory</kwd><kwd>CM memory cells</kwd><kwd>EM memory cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапов А.А., Лихтерман Л.Б., Кравчук А.Д., Корниенко В.Н., Захарова Н.Е., Ошоров А.В. и др. Современные подходы к изучению и лечению черепно-мозговой травмы. 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